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Providing meaningful and actionable explanations to end-users is a fundamental prerequisite for implementing explainable intelligent systems in the real world. Explainability is a situated interaction between a user and the AI system rather…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Garrick Cabour , Andrés Morales , Élise Ledoux , Samuel Bassetto

Explainable AI was born as a pathway to allow humans to explore and understand the inner working of complex systems. However, establishing what is an explanation and objectively evaluating explainability are not trivial tasks. This paper…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Francesco Sovrano , Fabio Vitali

An AI design framework was developed based on three core principles, namely understandability, trust, and usability. The framework was conceptualized by synthesizing evidence from the literature and by consulting with experts. The initial…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Mohammad Golam Kibria , Lauren Kucirka , Javed Mostafa

This paper presents a taxonomy of explainability in Human-Agent Systems. We consider fundamental questions about the Why, Who, What, When and How of explainability. First, we define explainability, and its relationship to the related terms…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-04-18 Avi Rosenfeld , Ariella Richardson

Algorithmic fairness and explainability are foundational elements for achieving responsible AI. In this paper, we focus on their interplay, a research area that is recently receiving increasing attention. To this end, we first present two…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Christos Fragkathoulas , Vasiliki Papanikou , Danae Pla Karidi , Evaggelia Pitoura

Recent developments in machine learning have introduced models that approach human performance at the cost of increased architectural complexity. Efforts to make the rationales behind the models' predictions transparent have inspired an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Pepa Atanasova , Jakob Grue Simonsen , Christina Lioma , Isabelle Augenstein

Issues regarding explainable AI involve four components: users, laws & regulations, explanations and algorithms. Together these components provide a context in which explanation methods can be evaluated regarding their adequacy. The goal of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-03-30 Gabrielle Ras , Marcel van Gerven , Pim Haselager

The integration of Artificial Intelligence in the development of computer systems presents a new challenge: make intelligent systems explainable to humans. This is especially vital in the field of health and well-being, where transparency…

Explainable AI (XAI) aims to address the human need for safe and reliable AI systems. However, numerous surveys emphasize the absence of a sound mathematical formalization of key XAI notions -- remarkably including the term "explanation"…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Pietro Barbiero , Stefano Fioravanti , Francesco Giannini , Alberto Tonda , Pietro Lio , Elena Di Lavore

Explainability is highly-desired in Machine Learning (ML) systems supporting high-stakes policy decisions in areas such as health, criminal justice, education, and employment. While the field of explainable ML has expanded in recent years,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Kasun Amarasinghe , Kit Rodolfa , Hemank Lamba , Rayid Ghani

In the past two decades, most research on anomaly detection has focused on improving the accuracy of the detection, while largely ignoring the explainability of the corresponding methods and thus leaving the explanation of outcomes to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Zhong Li , Yuxuan Zhu , Matthijs van Leeuwen

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has experienced a significant growth over the last few years. This is due to the widespread application of machine learning, particularly deep learning, that has led to the development of highly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Giulia Vilone , Luca Longo

Neural networks are ubiquitous in applied machine learning for education. Their pervasive success in predictive performance comes alongside a severe weakness, the lack of explainability of their decisions, especially relevant in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Vinitra Swamy , Bahar Radmehr , Natasa Krco , Mirko Marras , Tanja Käser

Explainability in AI is gaining attention in the computer science community in response to the increasing success of deep learning and the important need of justifying how such systems make predictions in life-critical applications. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-03 David Tuckey , Alessandra Russo , Krysia Broda

We propose a framework for interactive and explainable machine learning that enables users to (1) understand machine learning models; (2) diagnose model limitations using different explainable AI methods; as well as (3) refine and optimize…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Thilo Spinner , Udo Schlegel , Hanna Schäfer , Mennatallah El-Assady

Formal explainability guarantees the rigor of computed explanations, and so it is paramount in domains where rigor is critical, including those deemed high-risk. Unfortunately, since its inception formal explainability has been hampered by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Xuanxiang Huang , Joao Marques-Silva

Recent years have seen a boom in interest in machine learning systems that can provide a human-understandable rationale for their predictions or decisions. However, exactly what kinds of explanation are truly human-interpretable remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-30 Isaac Lage , Emily Chen , Jeffrey He , Menaka Narayanan , Been Kim , Sam Gershman , Finale Doshi-Velez

Explainable information retrieval is an emerging research area aiming to make transparent and trustworthy information retrieval systems. Given the increasing use of complex machine learning models in search systems, explainability is…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Avishek Anand , Lijun Lyu , Maximilian Idahl , Yumeng Wang , Jonas Wallat , Zijian Zhang

With the long term accumulation of high quality educational data, artificial intelligence has shown excellent performance in knowledge tracing. However, due to the lack of interpretability and transparency of some algorithms, this approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Yanhong Bai , Jiabao Zhao , Tingjiang Wei , Qing Cai , Liang He

Although personalized recommendation has been investigated for decades, the wide adoption of Latent Factor Models (LFM) has made the explainability of recommendations a critical issue to both the research community and practical application…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-08-23 Yongfeng Zhang