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The Control Area Network (CAN) protocol is essential for in-vehicle communication, facilitating high-speed data exchange among Electronic Control Units (ECUs). However, its inherent design lacks robust security features, rendering vehicles…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Huiyao Dong , Igor Kotenko

Modern vehicles may contain a considerable number of ECUs (Electronic Control Units) which are connected through various means of communication, with the CAN (Controller Area Network) protocol being the most widely used. However, several…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-11-20 Robert Buttigieg , Mario Farrugia , Clyde Meli

The Controller Area Network (CAN) is the most common protocol interconnecting the various control units of modern cars. Its vulnerabilities are somewhat known but we argue they are not yet fully explored -- although the protocol is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Giampaolo Bella , Pietro Biondi

Modern vehicles rely on scores of electronic control units (ECUs) broadcasting messages over a few controller area networks (CANs). Bereft of security features, in-vehicle CANs are exposed to cyber manipulation and multiple researches have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-09-03 Zachariah Tyree , Robert A. Bridges , Frank L. Combs , Michael R. Moore

High-end vehicles have been furnished with a number of electronic control units (ECUs), which provide upgrading functions to enhance the driving experience. The controller area network (CAN) is a well-known protocol that connects these ECUs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Thien-Nu Hoang , Daehee Kim

The controller area network (CAN) is the most widely used intra-vehicular communication network in the automotive industry. Because of its simplicity in design, it lacks most of the requirements needed for a security-proven communication…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-30 Riadul Islam , Rafi Ud Daula Refat , Sai Manikanta Yerram , Hafiz Malik

As connectivity between and within vehicles increases, so does concern about safety and security. Various automotive serial protocols are used inside vehicles such as Controller Area Network (CAN), Local Interconnect Network (LIN) and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Emad Aliwa , Omer Rana , Charith Perera , Peter Burnap

The Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol, essential for automotive embedded systems, lacks inherent security features, making it vulnerable to cyber threats, especially with the rise of autonomous vehicles. Traditional security measures…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Franco Oberti , Stefano Di Carlo , Alessandro Savino

For decades, the Controller Area Network (CAN) has served as the primary in-vehicle bus (IVB) and extended its use to many non-vehicular systems. Over the past years, CAN security has been intensively scrutinized, yielding extensive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Khaled Serag , Zhaozhou Tang , Sungwoo Kim , Vireshwar Kumar , Dave , Tian , Saman Zonouz , Raheem Beyah , Dongyan Xu , Z. Berkay Celik

The Controller Area Network (CAN) bus serves as a standard protocol for facilitating communication among various electronic control units (ECUs) within contemporary vehicles. However, it has been demonstrated that the CAN bus is susceptible…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Maloy Kumar Devnath

Current research in the automotive domain has proven the limitations of the CAN protocol from a security standpoint. Application-layer attacks, which involve the creation of malicious packets, are deemed feasible from remote but can be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Alvise de Faveri Tron , Stefano Longari , Michele Carminati , Mario Polino , Stefano Zanero

Cyber security is one of the most significant challenges in connected vehicular systems and connected vehicles are prone to different cybersecurity attacks that endanger passengers' safety. Cyber security in intelligent connected vehicles…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-18 Mahdi Dibaei , Xi Zheng , Kun Jiang , Sasa Maric , Robert Abbas , Shigang Liu , Yuexin Zhang , Yao Deng , Sheng Wen , Jun Zhang , Yang Xiang , Shui Yu

The smart features of modern cars are enabled by a number of Electronic Control Units (ECUs) components that communicate through an in-vehicle network, known as Controller Area Network (CAN) bus. The fundamental challenge is the security of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Mubark Jedh , Lotfi ben Othmane , Noor Ahmed , Bharat Bhargava

Modern vehicles remain vulnerable to unauthorized use and theft despite traditional security measures including immobilizers and keyless entry systems. Criminals exploit vulnerabilities in Controller Area Network (CAN) bus systems to bypass…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Brooke Elizabeth Kidmose , Andreas Brasen Kidmose , Cliff C. Zou

Having everything interconnected through the Internet, including vehicle onboard systems, is making security a primary concern in the automotive domain as well. Although Ethernet and CAN XL provide link-level security based on symmetric…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Gianluca Cena , Lucia Seno , Stefano Scanzio

Vehicle technology has developed rapidly these years, however, the security measures for in-vehicle network does not keep up with the trend. Controller area network(CAN) is the most used protocol in the in-vehicle network. With the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Hsinlin Tan

The rapid evolution of smart grids requires effective communication protocols to transfer data reliably and securely. Controller Area Network (CAN) is one of the most recognized protocols that offer reliable data transmission in smart grids…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Ayman W. Baharia , Khaled T. Naga , Hesham S. Abdelfattah , Shady A. Maged , Sherif A. Hammad

Intrusion detection for Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol requires modern methods in order to compete with other electrical architectures. Fingerprint Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) provide a promising new approach to solve this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-24 Kunaal Verma , Mansi Girdhar , Azeem Hafeez , Selim S. Awad

We address the security of a network of Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) cooperating to safely navigate through a conflict area (e.g., traffic intersections, merging roadways, roundabouts). Previous studies have shown that such a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-26 H M Sabbir Ahmad , Ehsan Sabouni , Akua Dickson , Wei Xiao , Christos G. Cassandras , Wenchao Li

With the increasing amount of interconnections between vehicles, the attack surface of internal vehicle networks is rising steeply. Although these networks are shielded against external attacks, they often do not have any internal security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-03-16 Philipp Mundhenk , Andrew Paverd , Artur Mrowca , Sebastian Steinhorst , Martin Lukasiewycz , Suhaib A. Fahmy , Samarjit Chakraborty