Related papers: Quadratic fields, Artin-Schreier extensions, and B…

Many combinatorial sequences (for example, the Catalan and Motzkin numbers) may be expressed as the constant term of $P(x)^k Q(x)$, for some Laurent polynomials $P(x)$ and $Q(x)$ in the variable $x$ with integer coefficients. Denoting such…

We investigate the distribution of $\alpha p$ modulo one in imaginary quadratic number fields $\mathbb{K}\subset\mathbb{C}$ with class number one, where $p$ is restricted to prime elements in the ring of integers $\mathcal{O} =…

Let $p$ be an odd prime number. In this article, we study the number of quadratic residues and non-residues modulo $p$ which are multiples of $2$ or $3$ or $4$ and lying in the interval $[1, p-1]$, by applying the Dirichlet's class number…

The main purpose of this paper is to find all the prime numbers p for which whenever we add to p an odd square less than p we obtain a number which has at most two different prime factors. We solve completely the cases $p\equiv 1,3,5 \pmod…

Let N and p be two prime numbers > 3 such that p divides N-1. We estimate the p-rank of the class group of Q(N^(1/p)) in terms of the discrete logarithm, with values un F_p, of certain units. Using the Gross--Koblitz formula and identities…

Suppose that $p$ is an odd prime and $g>1$ is a primitive root modulo $p$. Let $M$ be a number field contained in the $p$-th cyclotomic field. Girstmair found a surprising relation between the relative class number of $M$ and the digits of…

Let p > 2 be a prime. Let Q(zeta) be the p-cyclotomic field. Let pi be the prime ideal of Q(zeta) lying over p. This article aims to describe some pi-adic congruences characterizing the structure of the p-class group and of the unit group…

Let p be a prime = 3 (mod 4). A number of elegant number-theoretical properties of the sums T(p) = \sqrt{p}sum_{n=1}^{(p-1)/2} tan(n^2\pi/p) and C(p) = \sqrt{p}sum_{n=1}^{(p-1)/2} cot(n^2\pi/p) are proved. For example, T(p) equals p times…

A curious identity of Bunyakovsky (1882), made more widely known by P\'olya and Szeg{\H o} in their ``Problems and Theorems in Analysis", gives an evaluation of a sum of the floor function of square roots involving primes $p\equiv…

We show that for primes $N, p \geq 5$ with $N \equiv -1 \bmod p$, the class number of $\mathbb{Q}(N^{1/p})$ is divisible by $p$. Our methods are via congruences between Eisenstein series and cusp forms. In particular, we show that when $N…

This article is the first in a series devoted to computing the class groups of real quadratic fields. We present a new relation between the class number and the index of unit groups. This relation generalizes Hilbert class field theory for…

By analyzing the coefficients of the power series defining the Kubota--Leopoldt $p$-adic $L$-function associated to the non-trivial character of a real quadratic field, we prove a congruence of Ankeny--Artin--Chowla-type for prime power…

Let $p>3$ be a prime and $m,n\in\Bbb Z$ with $p\nmid mn$. Built on the work of Morton, in the paper we prove the uniform congruence: $$&\sum_{x=0}^{p-1}\Big(\frac{x^3+mx+n}p\Big) \equiv {-(-3m)^{\frac{p-1}4} \sum_{k=0}^{p-1}\binom{-\frac…

In 2016, in the work related to Galois representations, Greenberg conjectured the existence of multi-quadratic $p$-rational number fields of degree $2^{t}$ for any odd prime number $p$ and any integer $t \geq 1$. Using the criteria provided…

A method of constructing specific polynomial representations $f(x)$ over the finite field $\mathbb{F}_p$ of the square roots function modulo a prime $p = 2^kn + 1$, $n$ odd, is presented. The formulas for the cases $k = 2$, $3$ and $4$ are…

Let $p$ be a prime, and let $f(x)$ be an integer-valued polynomial. By a combinatorial approach, we obtain a nontrivial lower bound of the $p$-adic order of the sum $$\sum_{k=r(mod p^{\beta})}\binom{n}{k}(-1)^k f([(k-r)/p^{\alpha}]),$$…

Let $\ell>3$ be a prime such that $\ell \equiv 3 \pmod{4}$ and $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{\ell})$ has class number 1. Then Hirzebruch and Zagier noticed that the class number of $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-\ell})$ can be expressed as $h(-\ell) =…

Let $p$ be an odd prime number and $\zeta_{p} := \exp(2\pi i/p)$. Then, it is well-known that the $A_{p-1}$-root lattice can be realized as the (Hermitian) trace form of the $p$-th cyclotomic extension $\mathbb{Q}(\zeta_{p})/\mathbb{Q}$…

We determine the $3$-class groups of $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[3]{p})$ and $K=\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[3]{p},\sqrt{-3})$ when $p\equiv 4,7\bmod 9$ is a prime and $3$ is a cubic modulo $p$. This confirms a conjecture made by Barrucand-Cohn, and proves the…

We prove that mod-$p$ congruences between polynomials in $\mathbb{Z}_p[X]$ are equivalent to deeper $p$-power congruences between power-sum functions of their roots. This result generalizes to torsion-free $\mathbb{Z}_{(p)}$-algebras modulo…