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Defining fairness in AI remains a persistent challenge, largely due to its deeply context-dependent nature and the lack of a universal definition. While numerous mathematical formulations of fairness exist, they sometimes conflict with one…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Kessia Nepomuceno , Fabio Petrillo

Predictive algorithms are now used to help distribute a large share of our society's resources and sanctions, such as healthcare, loans, criminal detentions, and tax audits. Under the right circumstances, these algorithms can improve the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Alex Chohlas-Wood , Madison Coots , Sharad Goel , Julian Nyarko

Algorithmic fairness in recommender systems requires close attention to the needs of a diverse set of stakeholders that may have competing interests. Previous work in this area has often been limited by fixed, single-objective definitions…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Amanda Aird , Elena Štefancová , Cassidy All , Amy Voida , Martin Homola , Nicholas Mattei , Robin Burke

This survey article assesses and compares existing critiques of current fairness-enhancing technical interventions into machine learning (ML) that draw from a range of non-computing disciplines, including philosophy, feminist studies,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-11 Lindsay Weinberg

The field of fair machine learning aims to ensure that decisions guided by algorithms are equitable. Over the last decade, several formal, mathematical definitions of fairness have gained prominence. Here we first assemble and categorize…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Sam Corbett-Davies , Johann D. Gaebler , Hamed Nilforoshan , Ravi Shroff , Sharad Goel

Machine learning algorithms are extensively used to make increasingly more consequential decisions about people, so achieving optimal predictive performance can no longer be the only focus. A particularly important consideration is fairness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Giulio Morina , Viktoriia Oliinyk , Julian Waton , Ines Marusic , Konstantinos Georgatzis

Algorithmic fairness has aroused considerable interests in data mining and machine learning communities recently. So far the existing research has been mostly focusing on the development of quantitative metrics to measure algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-12 Weishen Pan , Sen Cui , Jiang Bian , Changshui Zhang , Fei Wang

In this paper we examine algorithmic fairness from the perspective of law aiming to identify best practices and strategies for the specification and adoption of fairness definitions and algorithms in real-world systems and use cases. We…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Giorgos Giannopoulos , Maria Psalla , Loukas Kavouras , Dimitris Sacharidis , Jakub Marecek , German M Matilla , Ioannis Emiris

Recent work on fairness in machine learning has focused on various statistical discrimination criteria and how they trade off. Most of these criteria are observational: They depend only on the joint distribution of predictor, protected…

Discrimination via algorithmic decision making has received considerable attention. Prior work largely focuses on defining conditions for fairness, but does not define satisfactory measures of algorithmic unfairness. In this paper, we focus…

In recent years, there has been an increasing awareness of both the public and scientific community that algorithmic systems can reproduce, amplify, or even introduce unfairness in our societies. These lecture notes provide an introduction…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Hilde J. P. Weerts

Algorithmic and data bias are gaining attention as a pressing issue in popular press - and rightly so. However, beyond these calls to action, standard processes and tools for practitioners do not readily exist to assess and address unfair…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Jean Garcia-Gathright , Aaron Springer , Henriette Cramer

Algorithmic fairness is typically studied from the perspective of predictions. Instead, here we investigate fairness from the perspective of recourse actions suggested to individuals to remedy an unfavourable classification. We propose two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Julius von Kügelgen , Amir-Hossein Karimi , Umang Bhatt , Isabel Valera , Adrian Weller , Bernhard Schölkopf

Our focus lies at the intersection between two broader research perspectives: (1) the scientific study of algorithms and (2) the scholarship on race and racism. Many streams of research related to algorithmic fairness have been born out of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Jamelle Watson-Daniels

Machine learning algorithms for prediction are increasingly being used in critical decisions affecting human lives. Various fairness formalizations, with no firm consensus yet, are employed to prevent such algorithms from systematically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-29 Pratik Gajane , Mykola Pechenizkiy

In the past few years, there has been much work on incorporating fairness requirements into algorithmic rankers, with contributions coming from the data management, algorithms, information retrieval, and recommender systems communities. In…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-08-15 Meike Zehlike , Ke Yang , Julia Stoyanovich

Ensuring algorithmic fairness remains a significant challenge in machine learning, particularly as models are increasingly applied across diverse domains. While numerous fairness criteria exist, they often lack generalizability across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Zhecheng Sheng , Jiawei Zhang , Enmao Diao

This study explores perceptions of fairness in algorithmic decision-making among users in Bangladesh through a comprehensive mixed-methods approach. By integrating quantitative survey data with qualitative interview insights, we examine how…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Ahmed Abdal Shafi Rasel , Ahmed Mustafa Amlan , Tasmim Shajahan Mim , Tanvir Hasan

The recruitment process significantly impacts an organization's performance, productivity, and culture. Traditionally, human resource experts and industrial-organizational psychologists have developed systematic hiring methods, including…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Dena F. Mujtaba , Nihar R. Mahapatra

In credit markets, screening algorithms aim to discriminate between good-type and bad-type borrowers. However, when doing so, they can also discriminate between individuals sharing a protected attribute (e.g. gender, age, racial origin) and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-09 Christophe Hurlin , Christophe Pérignon , Sébastien Saurin