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Related papers: Suprathermal electron acceleration by a quasi-perp…

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The transport of the energy contained in suprathermal electrons in solar flares plays a key role in our understanding of many aspects of flare physics, from the spatial distributions of hard X-ray emission and energy deposition in the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-02-08 Nicolas H. Bian , A. Gordon Emslie , Eduard P. Kontar

We present a survey of 1D kinetic particle-in-cell simulations of quasi-parallel non-relativistic shocks to identify the environments favorable for electron acceleration. We explore an unprecedented range of shock speeds $v_{\rm sh}\approx…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-08-30 Siddhartha Gupta , Damiano Caprioli , Anatoly Spitkovsky

With a test-particle simulation, we investigate the effect of large-scale coronal magnetic fields on electron acceleration at an outward-propagating coronal shock with a circular front. The coronal field is approximated by an analytical…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-20 Xiangliang Kong , Yao Chen , Fan Guo , Shiwei Feng , Guohui Du , Gang Li

Context. Solar energetic particles observed in association with coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are produced by the CME-driven shock waves. The acceleration of particles is considered to be due to diffusive shock acceleration (DSA). Aims. We…

Space Physics · Physics 2016-03-30 Alexandr Afanasiev , Markus Battarbee , Rami Vainio

Solar flares are known to be prolific electron accelerators, yet identifying the mechanism(s) for such efficient electron acceleration in solar flare (and similar astrophysical settings) presents a major challenge. This is due in part to a…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-04-18 Eduard P. Kontar , A. Gordon Emslie , Galina G. Motorina , Brian R. Dennis

Based on Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) observations from the Earth's bow shock, we have identified two plasma heating processes that operate at quasi-perpendicular shocks. Ions are subject to stochastic heating in a process controlled by…

Space Physics · Physics 2020-11-03 Krzysztof Stasiewicz , Bengt Eliasson

Solar energetic particles acceleration by a shock wave accompanying a coronal mass ejection (CME) is studied. The description of the accelerated particle spectrum evolution is based on the numerical calculation of the diffusive transport…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-02-09 A. S. Petukhova , I. S. Petukhov , S. I. Petukhov , L. T. Ksenofontov

Electron accelerations at high Mach number collision-less shocks are investigated by means of two-dimensional electromagnetic Particle-in-Cell simulations with various Alfven Mach numbers, ion-to-electron mass ratios, and the upstream…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-11-01 Yosuke Matsumoto , Takanobu Amano , Masahiro Hoshino

Using large-scale fully-kinetic two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we investigate the effects of shock rippling on electron acceleration at low-Mach-number shocks propagating in high-$\beta$ plasmas, in application to merger…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-10-04 Oleh Kobzar , Jacek Niemiec , Takanobu Amano , Masahiro Hoshino , Shuichi Matsukiyo , Yosuke Matsumoto , Martin Pohl

Collisionless shocks tend to send charged particles into the upstream, driving electric currents through the plasma. Using kinetic particle-in-cell simulations, we investigate how the background thermal plasma neutralizes such currents in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-12-22 Siddhartha Gupta , Damiano Caprioli , Anatoly Spitkovsky

The processes responsible for the acceleration of solar energetic particles (SEPs) are still not well understood, including whether SEP electrons and protons are accelerated by common or separate processes. Using a numerical particle…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-05 R. D. Strauss , N. Dresing , I. G. Richardson , J. P. van den Berg , P. J. Steyn

We study the evolution of the energy spectrum of cosmic-ray electrons accelerated at spherically expanding shocks with low Mach numbers and the ensuing spectral signatures imprinted in radio synchrotron emission. Time-dependent simulations…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-01-18 Hyesung Kang

We measure the thermal electron energization in 1D and 2D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of quasi-perpendicular, low-beta ($\beta_p=0.25$) collisionless ion-electron shocks with mass ratio $m_i/m_e=200$, fast Mach number…

Space Physics · Physics 2025-04-15 Aaron Tran , Lorenzo Sironi

We investigate the process of Diffusive Shock Acceleration (DSA) of particles with mass number to charge number ratios $A/Q > 1$, e.g., partially-ionized heavy ions. To this end, we introduce helium- and carbon-like ions at solar abundances…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-31 Damiano Caprioli , Luca Orusa , Miha Cernetic , Colby C. Haggerty , Bricker Ostler

Energetic particles are ubiquitous in space and astrophysical plasmas, and interplanetary shocks are widely regarded as one of the main particle accelerators in the heliosphere. Indeed, in-situ measurements typically show that energetic…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-17 Giuseppe Prete , Gaetano Zimbardo , Silvia Perri

A study of collisionless external shocks in gamma-ray bursts is presented. The shock structure, electromagnetic fields, and process of electron acceleration are assessed by performing a self-consistent 3D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-09-30 Kazem Ardaneh , Dongsheng Cai , Ken-Ichi Nishikawa , Bertrand Lembége

Collisionless shock waves, found in supernova remnants, interstellar, stellar, and planetary environments, and laboratories, are one of nature's most powerful particle accelerators. This study combines in situ satellite measurements with…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-03-05 Savvas Raptis , Ahmad Lalti , Martin Lindberg , Drew L. Turner , Damiano Caprioli , James L. Burch

Seventy measurements of electron heating at the Earth's quasi-perpendicular bow shock are analyzed in terms of Maxwellian-temperatures obtained from fits to the core electrons that separate thermal heating from supra-thermal acceleration.…

Space Physics · Physics 2013-01-25 David Sundkvist , Forrest Mozer

A well-known paradigm about the origin of Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) is that these high-energy particles are accelerated in the process of diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) at collisionless shocks (at least up to the so-called "knee"energy…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-04-12 Bojan Arbutina

How electrons get accelerated to relativistic energies in a high-Mach-number quasi-perpendicular shock is presented by means of ab initio particle-in-cell simulations in three dimensions. We found that coherent electrostatic Buneman waves…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-09-13 Yosuke Matsumoto , Takanobu Amano , Tsunehiko N. Kato , Masahiro Hoshino