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Can classical game-theoretic frameworks be extended to capture the bounded rationality and causal reasoning of AI agents? We investigate this question by extending Causal Normal Form Games (CNFGs) to sequential settings, introducing…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Dennis Thumm

Stackelberg Security Games (SSGs) have been adopted widely for modeling adversarial interactions. With increasing size of the applications of SSGs, scalability of equilibrium computation is an important research problem. While prior…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Arunesh Sinha , Aaron Schlenker , Donnabell Dmello , Milind Tambe

The Stackelberg equilibrium solution concept describes optimal strategies to commit to: Player 1 (termed the leader) publicly commits to a strategy and Player 2 (termed the follower) plays a best response to this strategy (ties are broken…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-08-24 Branislav Bosansky , Simina Branzei , Kristoffer Arnsfelt Hansen , Peter Bro Miltersen , Troels Bjerre Sorensen

Systematic scenario generation (SG) methods have emerged as an invaluable tool to handle uncertainty towards the efficient solution of stochastic programming (SP) problems. The quality of SG methods depends on their consistency to generate…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-07 Georgios L. Bounitsis , Lazaros G. Papageorgiou , Vassilis M. Charitopoulos

Batch reinforcement learning (RL) defines the task of learning from a fixed batch of data lacking exhaustive exploration. Worst-case optimality algorithms, which calibrate a value-function model class from logged experience and perform some…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-03 Wenzhuo Zhou , Annie Qu

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences typically demands vast amounts of meticulously curated data, which is both expensive and prone to labeling noise. We propose Stackelberg Game Preference Optimization (SGPO), a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Xu Chu , Zhixin Zhang , Tianyu Jia , Yujie Jin

We extend the formalism of Conjectural Variations games to Stackelberg games involving multiple leaders and a single follower. To solve these nonconvex games, a common assumption is that the leaders compute their strategies having perfect…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Francesco Morri , Hélène Le Cadre , Luce Brotcorne

We present a Stackelberg game model to investigate how individuals make their decisions on timing and route selection. Group formation can naturally result from these decisions, but only when individuals arrive at the same time and choose…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Chenlan Wang , Mingyan Liu

Stackelberg Games are gaining importance in the last years due to the raise of Adversarial Machine Learning (AML). Within this context, a new paradigm must be faced: in classical game theory, intervening agents were humans whose decisions…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-10-25 Roi Naveiro , David Ríos Insua

We address two-player general-sum stochastic Stackelberg games (SSGs), where the leader's policy is optimized considering the best-response follower whose policy is optimal for its reward under the leader. Existing policy gradient and value…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Mikoto Kudo , Youhei Akimoto

In this paper, we study the transmission strategy adaptation problem in an RF-powered cognitive radio network, in which hybrid secondary users are able to switch between the harvest-then-transmit mode and the ambient backscatter mode for…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-04-10 Wenbo Wang , Dinh Thai Hoang , Dusit Niyato , Ping Wang , Dong In Kim

Resource competition problems are often modeled using Colonel Blotto games, where players take simultaneous actions. However, many real-world scenarios involve sequential decision-making rather than simultaneous moves. To model these…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Yan Liu , Bonan Ni , Weiran Shen , Zihe Wang , Jie Zhang

Stackelberg games have been widely used to model interactive decision-making problems in a variety of domains such as energy systems, transportation, cybersecurity, and human-robot interaction. However, existing algorithms for solving…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-14 Yansong Li , Shuo Han

We study a continuous-time stochastic Stackelberg game in which a leader seeks to accomplish a primary objective while inferring a hidden parameter of a rational follower. The follower solves an entropy-regularized tracking problem and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-08 Ruimeng Hu , Daniel Ralston , Xu Yang , Haosheng Zhou

We initiate the study of structured Stackelberg games, a novel form of strategic interaction between a leader and a follower where contextual information can be predictive of the follower's (unknown) type. Motivated by applications such as…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Maria-Florina Balcan , Kiriaki Fragkia , Keegan Harris

This paper investigates the interplay between sequential hypothesis testing (SHT) and adversarial decision-making in partially observable games, focusing on the deceptive strategies of red and blue teams. Inspired by Sun Zi's The Art of War…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-02 Haosheng Zhou , Daniel Ralston , Xu Yang , Ruimeng Hu

This paper introduces the new concept of (follower) satisfaction in Stackelberg games and compares the standard Stackelberg game with its satisfaction version. Simulation results are presented which suggest that the follower adopting…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Langford White , Duong Nguyen , Hung Nguyen

The paper introduces a generic approach to solving Sequential Security Games (SGs) which utilizes Evolutionary Algorithms. Formulation of the method (named EASG) is general and largely game-independent, which allows for its application to a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Adam Żychowski , Jacek Mańdziuk

In shared autonomy, a critical tension arises when an automated assistant must choose between obeying a human's instruction and deliberately overriding it to prevent harm. This safety-critical behavior is known as intelligent disobedience.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Benedikt Hornig , Reuth Mirsky

This paper proposes a game theoretic framework that models the interaction between prompt engineers and large language models (LLMs) as a two player extensive form game coupled with a Rapidly exploring Random Trees (RRT) search over prompt…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Zhengye Han , Quanyan Zhu