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We consider a first order stochastic optimization framework where, at each iteration, $K$ independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) data point samples are drawn, based on which stochastic gradients can be queried. We allow gradient noise…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-11 Manojlo Vukovic , Dusan Jakovetic

Heavy-tailed noise in nonconvex stochastic optimization has garnered increasing research interest, as empirical studies, including those on training attention models, suggest it is a more realistic gradient noise condition. This paper…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-17 Shuhua Yu , Dusan Jakovetic , Soummya Kar

Adaptive gradient methods (AGMs) have become popular in optimizing the nonconvex problems in deep learning area. We revisit AGMs and identify that the adaptive learning rate (A-LR) used by AGMs varies significantly across the dimensions of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-12 Qianqian Tong , Guannan Liang , Jinbo Bi

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) and its variants are the most used algorithms in machine learning applications. In particular, SGD with adaptive learning rates and momentum is the industry standard to train deep networks. Despite the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-29 Xiaoyu Li , Francesco Orabona

Despite the popularity of the Adam optimizer in practice, most theoretical analyses study Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) as a proxy for Adam, and little is known about how the solutions found by Adam differ. In this paper, we show that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Xinghan Li , Haodong Wen , Kaifeng Lyu

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is a widely used algorithm in machine learning, particularly for neural network training. Recent studies on SGD for canonical quadratic optimization or linear regression show it attains well generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Haihan Zhang , Yuanshi Liu , Qianwen Chen , Cong Fang

Stochastic gradient methods (SGMs) are the predominant approaches to train deep learning models. The adaptive versions (e.g., Adam and AMSGrad) have been extensively used in practice, partly because they achieve faster convergence than the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-04-14 Yangyang Xu , Yibo Xu , Yonggui Yan , Colin Sutcher-Shepard , Leopold Grinberg , Jie Chen

In this paper, we provide novel optimal (or near optimal) convergence rates for a clipped version of the stochastic subgradient method. We consider nonsmooth convex problems over possibly unbounded domains, under heavy-tailed noise that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-21 Daniela Angela Parletta , Andrea Paudice , Saverio Salzo

In the context of stochastic gradient descent(SGD) and adaptive moment estimation (Adam),researchers have recently proposed optimization techniques that transition from Adam to SGD with the goal of improving both convergence and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-01 Jiaxuan Wang , Jenna Wiens

Approximating Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) as a Stochastic Differential Equation (SDE) has allowed researchers to enjoy the benefits of studying a continuous optimization trajectory while carefully preserving the stochasticity of SGD.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Sadhika Malladi , Kaifeng Lyu , Abhishek Panigrahi , Sanjeev Arora

We present a theoretical analysis of some popular adaptive Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) methods in the small learning rate regime. Using the stochastic modified equations framework introduced by Li et al., we derive effective…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-29 Luca Callisti , Marco Romito , Francesco Triggiano

Privacy-preserving training on sensitive data commonly relies on differentially private stochastic optimization with gradient clipping and Gaussian noise. The clipping threshold is a critical control knob: if set too small, systematic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Mohammad Partohaghighi , Roummel Marcia , Bruce J. West , YangQuan Chen

Distributed stochastic gradient descent (SGD) with gradient compression has become a popular communication-efficient solution for accelerating distributed learning. One commonly used method for gradient compression is Top-K sparsification,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Mengzhe Ruan , Guangfeng Yan , Yuanzhang Xiao , Linqi Song , Weitao Xu

We introduce a novel algorithm for gradient-based optimization of stochastic objective functions. The method may be seen as a variant of SGD with momentum equipped with an adaptive learning rate automatically adjusted by an 'energy'…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-03-24 Hailiang Liu , Xuping Tian

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is a premium optimization method for training neural networks, especially for learning objectively defined labels such as image objects and events. When a neural network is instead faced with subjectively…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Kosmas Pinitas , Konstantinos Makantasis , Antonios Liapis , Georgios N. Yannakakis

Several variants of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) have been proposed to improve the learning effectiveness and efficiency when training deep neural networks, among which some recent influential attempts would like to adaptively control…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Jie Liu , Chen Lin , Chuming Li , Lu Sheng , Ming Sun , Junjie Yan , Wanli Ouyang

Stochastic gradient-based descent (SGD), have long been central to training large language models (LLMs). However, their effectiveness is increasingly being questioned, particularly in large-scale applications where empirical evidence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Di Zhang , Yihang Zhang

Adam is a popular and widely used adaptive gradient method in deep learning, which has also received tremendous focus in theoretical research. However, most existing theoretical work primarily analyzes its full-batch version, which differs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Xuan Tang , Han Zhang , Yuan Cao , Difan Zou

In this paper, we consider a general stochastic optimization problem which is often at the core of supervised learning, such as deep learning and linear classification. We consider a standard stochastic gradient descent (SGD) method with a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-12-27 Lam M. Nguyen , Nam H. Nguyen , Dzung T. Phan , Jayant R. Kalagnanam , Katya Scheinberg

We propose NovoGrad, an adaptive stochastic gradient descent method with layer-wise gradient normalization and decoupled weight decay. In our experiments on neural networks for image classification, speech recognition, machine translation,…

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