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In cellular networks, attacks on the communication link between a mobile device and the core network significantly impact privacy and availability. Up until now, fake base stations have been required to execute such attacks. Since they…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-09 Simon Erni , Martin Kotuliak , Patrick Leu , Marc Roeschlin , Srdjan Capkun

Communication topology is a critical factor in the utility and safety of LLM-based multi-agent systems (LLM-MAS), making it a high-value intellectual property (IP) whose confidentiality remains insufficiently studied. Existing topology…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Zixun Xiong , Gaoyi Wu , Lingfeng Yao , Miao Pan , Xiaojiang Du , Hao Wang

As quantum computing advances, Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) schemes are adopted to replace classical algorithms. Among them is the Stateless Hash-Based Digital Signature Algorithm (SLH-DSA) that was recently standardized by NIST and is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jeremy Boy , Antoon Purnal , Anna Pätschke , Luca Wilke , Thomas Eisenbarth

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become integral to many applications, with system prompts serving as a key mechanism to regulate model behavior and ensure ethical outputs. In this paper, we introduce a novel backdoor attack that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Lu Yan , Siyuan Cheng , Xuan Chen , Kaiyuan Zhang , Guangyu Shen , Zhuo Zhang , Xiangyu Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have succeeded significantly in various applications but remain susceptible to adversarial jailbreaks that void their safety guardrails. Previous attempts to exploit these vulnerabilities often rely on high-cost…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Xuan Li , Zhanke Zhou , Jianing Zhu , Jiangchao Yao , Tongliang Liu , Bo Han

We present RapidPen, a fully automated penetration testing (pentesting) framework that addresses the challenge of achieving an initial foothold (IP-to-Shell) without human intervention. Unlike prior approaches that focus primarily on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Sho Nakatani

A decade after its academic introduction, RowHammer (RH) remains a moving target that continues to challenge both the industry and academia. With its potential to serve as a critical attack vector, the ever-decreasing RH threshold now…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Michael Jaemin Kim , Seungmin Baek , Jumin Kim , Hwayong Nam , Nam Sung Kim , Jung Ho Ahn

Jailbreaking is an emerging adversarial attack that bypasses the safety alignment deployed in off-the-shelf large language models (LLMs). A considerable amount of research exists proposing more effective jailbreak attacks, including the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Daoyuan Wu , Shuai Wang , Yang Liu , Ning Liu

As Dynamic Random Access Memories (DRAM) scale, they are becoming increasingly susceptible to Row Hammer. By rapidly activating rows of DRAM cells (aggressor rows), attackers can exploit inter-cell interference through Row Hammer to flip…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Jeonghyun Woo , Gururaj Saileshwar , Prashant J. Nair

Jailbreak attacks aim to bypass the LLMs' safeguards. While researchers have proposed different jailbreak attacks in depth, they have done so in isolation -- either with unaligned settings or comparing a limited range of methods. To fill…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Junjie Chu , Yugeng Liu , Ziqing Yang , Xinyue Shen , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang

Equipping LLM agents with real-world tools can substantially improve productivity. However, granting agents autonomy over tool use also transfers the associated privileges to both the agent and the underlying LLM. Improper privilege usage…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Quan Zhang , Lianhang Fu , Lvsi Lian , Gwihwan Go , Yujue Wang , Chijin Zhou , Yu Jiang , Geguang Pu

Page Frame Cache (PFC) is a purely software cache, present in modern Linux based operating systems (OS), which stores the page frames that are recently being released by the processes running on a particular CPU. In this paper, we show that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-02-13 Anirban Chakraborty , Sarani Bhattacharya , Sayandeep Saha , Debdeep Mukhopadhyay

Large language models (LLMs) have been serving as effective backbones for retrieval systems, including Retrieval-Augmentation-Generation (RAG), Dense Information Retriever (IR), and Agent Memory Retrieval. Recent studies have demonstrated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Jiate Li , Defu Cao , Li Li , Wei Yang , Yuehan Qin , Chenxiao Yu , Tiannuo Yang , Ryan A. Rossi , Yan Liu , Xiyang Hu , Yue Zhao

Microarchitectural timing attacks exploit subtle timing variations caused by hardware behaviors to leak sensitive information. In this paper, we introduce MCHammer, a novel side-channel technique that leverages machine clears induced by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Billy Bob Brumley

Rowhammer is a serious security problem of contemporary dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) where reads or writes of bits can flip other bits. DRAM manufacturers add mitigations, but don't disclose details, making it difficult for customers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Amir Naseredini , Martin Berger , Matteo Sammartino , Shale Xiong

We present a novel class of jailbreak adversarial attacks on LLMs, termed Task-in-Prompt (TIP) attacks. Our approach embeds sequence-to-sequence tasks (e.g., cipher decoding, riddles, code execution) into the model's prompt to indirectly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Sergey Berezin , Reza Farahbakhsh , Noel Crespi

The rise of conversational interfaces has greatly enhanced LLM usability by leveraging dialogue history for sophisticated reasoning. However, this reliance introduces an unexplored attack surface. This paper introduces Trojan Horse…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Wei Duan , Li Qian

In order to protect user privacy on mobile devices, an event-driven implicit authentication scheme is proposed in this paper. Several methods of utilizing the scheme for recognizing legitimate user behavior are investigated. The…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-07-28 Feng Yao , Suleiman Y. Yerima , BooJoong Kang , Sakir Sezer

Tool-calling has changed Large Language Model (LLM) applications by integrating external tools, significantly enhancing their functionality across diverse tasks. However, this integration also introduces new security vulnerabilities,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Haowei Wang , Rupeng Zhang , Junjie Wang , Mingyang Li , Yuekai Huang , Dandan Wang , Qing Wang

DRAM read disturbance can break memory isolation, a fundamental property to ensure system robustness (i.e., reliability, security, safety). RowHammer and RowPress are two different DRAM read disturbance phenomena. RowHammer induces bitflips…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Haocong Luo , Ismail Emir Yüksel , Ataberk Olgun , A. Giray Yağlıkçı , Mohammad Sadrosadati , Onur Mutlu
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