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Related papers: A Survey on Theorem Provers in Formal Methods

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We introduce a theorem proving algorithm that uses practically no domain heuristics for guiding its connection-style proof search. Instead, it runs many Monte-Carlo simulations guided by reinforcement learning from previous proof attempts.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-22 Cezary Kaliszyk , Josef Urban , Henryk Michalewski , Mirek Olšák

In this chapter we present a case study, drawn from our research work, on the application of a fully automated theorem prover together with an automatic counter-example generator in the investigation of a class of algebraic structures. We…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Rob Arthan , Paulo Oliva

Mathematical software systems are becoming more and more important in pure and applied mathematics in order to deal with the complexity and scalability issues inherent in mathematics. In the last decades we have seen a cambric explosion of…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2020-02-13 Katja Bercic , Jacques Carette , William M. Farmer , Michael Kohlhase , Dennis Müller , Florian Rabe , Yasmine Sharoda

Mechanized theorem proving is becoming the basis of reliable systems programming and rigorous mathematics. Despite decades of progress in proof automation, writing mechanized proofs still requires engineers' expertise and remains labor…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-04-19 Yutaka Nagashima

Since its beginnings in the 1940s, automated reasoning by computers has become a tool of ever growing importance in scientific research. So far, the rules underlying automated reasoning have mainly been formulated by humans, in the form of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Konrad Hinsen

Mathematical proofs are both paradigms of certainty and some of the most explicitly-justified arguments that we have in the cultural record. Their very explicitness, however, leads to a paradox, because the probability of error grows…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Scott Viteri , Simon DeDeo

Automated theorem proving is essential for the formal verification of safety-critical systems. As the corpus of formal proofs grows, a natural paradigm is to learn from existing proofs. However, current learning-based approaches…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jian Fang , Yixun Yao , Yingfei Xiong

Logicians study and apply a multiplicity of various logical systems. Consequently, there is necessity to build foundations and common grounds for all these systems. This is done in metalogic. Like metamathematics studies formalized…

Logic · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Mark Burgin

The ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to perform reasoning tasks such as deduction has been widely investigated in recent years. Yet, their capacity to generate proofs-faithful, human-readable explanations of why conclusions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Hui Yang , Jiaoyan Chen , Uli Sattler

Ensuring fairness of machine learning systems is a human-in-the-loop process. It relies on developers, users, and the general public to identify fairness problems and make improvements. To facilitate the process we need effective, unbiased,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-01-24 Jonathan Dodge , Q. Vera Liao , Yunfeng Zhang , Rachel K. E. Bellamy , Casey Dugan

We explore the application of transformer-based language models to automated theorem proving. This work is motivated by the possibility that a major limitation of automated theorem provers compared to humans -- the generation of original…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-09 Stanislas Polu , Ilya Sutskever

SAT provers are powerful tools for solving real-sized logic problems, but using them requires solid programming knowledge and may be seen w.r.t.\ logic like assembly language w.r.t.\ programming. Something like a high level language was…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2015-07-15 Khaled Skander Ben Slimane , Alexis Comte , Olivier Gasquet , Abdelwahab Heba , Olivier Lezaud , Frederic Maris , Mael Valais

In the context of interactive theorem provers based on a dependent type theory, automation tactics (dedicated decision procedures, call of automated solvers, ...) are often limited to goals which are exactly in some expected logical…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Valentin Blot , Denis Cousineau , Enzo Crance , Louise Dubois de Prisque , Chantal Keller , Assia Mahboubi , Pierre Vial

Despite the recent progress in automatic theorem provers, proof engineers are still suffering from the lack of powerful proof automation. In this position paper we first report our proof strategy language based on a meta-tool approach.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-01-12 Yutaka Nagashima

Automated theorem proving in first-order logic is an active research area which is successfully supported by machine learning. While there have been various proposals for encoding logical formulas into numerical vectors -- from simple…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-17 Ibrahim Abdelaziz , Veronika Thost , Maxwell Crouse , Achille Fokoue

Formal methods yet advantageous, face challenges towards wide acceptance and adoption in software development practices. The major reason being presumed complexity. The issue can be addressed by academia with a thoughtful plan of teaching…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Mansur Khazeev , Manuel Mazzara , Daniel De Carvalho , Hamna Aslam

Formal reasoning and automated theorem proving constitute a challenging subfield of machine learning, in which machines are tasked with proving mathematical theorems using formal languages like Lean. A formal verification system can check…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Azim Ospanov , Farzan Farnia , Roozbeh Yousefzadeh

Many students in introductory programming courses fare poorly in the code writing tasks of the final summative assessment. Such tasks are designed to assess whether novices have developed the analytical skills to translate from the given…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Shruthi Ravikumar , Margaret Hamilton , Charles Thevathayan , Maria Spichkova , Kashif Ali , Gayan Wijesinghe

A logic program is an executable specification. For example, merge sort in pure Prolog is a logical formula, yet shows creditable performance on long linked lists. But such executable specifications are a compromise: the logic is distorted…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2015-09-29 M. H. van Emden

General-purpose Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in intelligence, performing comparably to human experts on complex reasoning tasks such as coding and mathematical reasoning. However, generating formal proofs in…