Related papers: Information transfer in generalized probabilistic …
Generalised Probabilistic Theories (GPTs) provide a unifying framework encompassing classical theories, quantum theories, as well as hypothetical alternatives. We investigate the problem of extending a system with a finite set of…
We derive a tight bound between the quality of estimating a quantum state by measurement and the success probability of undoing the measurement in arbitrary dimensional systems, which completely describes the tradeoff relation between the…
We study the outcomes in a general measurement with postselection, and derive upper bounds for the pointer readings in weak measurement. Using the idea of weak measurement, we study Hardy's gedanken experiment and show how the "negative…
Generalized Probabilistic Theories (GPTs) provide a unified framework for describing probabilistic physical theories, encompassing classical and quantum theories as well as hypothetical theories beyond quantum mechanics. Since most GPTs are…
Generalized probabilistic theories (GPTs) provide a framework in which a range of possible theories can be examined, including classical theory, quantum theory and those beyond. In general, enlarging the state space of a GPT leads to fewer…
We investigate the information distribution among different entities in the weak measurements protocol. Focusing on multilevel, decaying systems under continuous (no-click) monitoring, we derive exact, conservation-type information…
Weak-to-Strong Generalization (Burns et al., 2024) is the phenomenon whereby a strong student, say GPT-4, learns a task from a weak teacher, say GPT-2, and ends up significantly outperforming the teacher. We show that this phenomenon does…
Parity-time (PT) symmetric quantum theory can broaden the scope of quantum dynamics beyond unitary evolution which may lead to numerous counter-intuitive phenomena, including single-shot discrimination of non-orthogonal states, faster…
The formalism of generalized probabilistic theories (GPTs) was originally developed as a way to characterize the landscape of conceivable physical theories. Thus, the GPT describing a given physical theory necessarily includes all…
In distributed systems with asymmetric trust, each participant is free to make its own trust assumptions about others, captured by an asymmetric quorum system. This contrasts with ordinary, symmetric quorum systems and threshold models,…
We introduce a new mathematical framework for the probabilistic description of an experiment upon a system of any type in terms of initial information representing this system. Based on the notions of an information state, an information…
In the theory of conditional sets, many classical theorems from areas such as functional analysis, probability theory or measure theory are lifted to a conditional framework, often to be applied in areas such as mathematical economics or…
A large literature has grown up around the proposed use of 'weak measurements' (i.e., unsharp measurements followed by post-selection) to allegedly provide information about hidden ontological features of quantum systems. This paper…
The framework of generalized probabilistic theories (GPT) is a widely-used approach for studying the physical foundations of quantum theory. The standard GPT framework assumes the no-restriction hypothesis, in which the state space of a…
Oblivious transfer is a primitive of paramount importance in cryptography or, more precisely, two- and multi-party computation due to its universality. Unfortunately, oblivious transfer cannot be achieved in an unconditionally secure way…
We formulate the weak intramolecular coupling F\"orster resonance energy transfer theory in a form suitable for calculating ultrafast nonlinear response of molecular systems. We introduce a formally exact time-dependent factorization of the…
Interpretability is often pointed out as a key requirement for trustworthy machine learning. However, learning and releasing models that are inherently interpretable leaks information regarding the underlying training data. As such…
We study probabilistically informative (weak) versions of transitivity, by using suitable definitions of defaults and negated defaults, in the setting of coherence and imprecise probabilities. We represent p-consistent sequences of defaults…
Based on the reciprocity theorem, we put forward a generalized parametric space for an arbitrary transfer matrix with parity time (PT) symmetry. Through this space, one can extract complete information involving PT phases, reflectances,…
We adapt arguments concerning entropy-theoretic convergence from the independent case to the case of FKG random variables. FKG systems are chosen since their dependence structure is controlled through covariance alone, though in the sequel…