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Efficient password cracking is a critical aspect of digital forensics, enabling investigators to decrypt protected content during criminal investigations. Traditional password cracking methods, including brute-force, dictionary and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Mohamad Hachem , Adam Lanfranchi , Nathan Clarke , Joakim Kavrestad

A password composition policy restricts the space of allowable passwords to eliminate weak passwords that are vulnerable to statistical guessing attacks. Usability studies have demonstrated that existing password composition policies can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-02-26 Jeremiah Blocki , Saranga Komanduri , Ariel Procaccia , Or Sheffet

With the rapid development of internet technologies, social networks, and other related areas, user authentication becomes more and more important to protect the data of users. Password authentication is one of the widely used methods to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Lifeng Han

Gesture and signature passwords are two-dimensional figures created by drawing on the surface of a touchscreen with one or more fingers. Prior results about their security have used resilience to either shoulder surfing, a human observation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Can Liu , Shridatt Sugrim , Gradeigh D. Clark , Janne Lindqvist

The choice of password composition policy to enforce on a password-protected system represents a critical security decision, and has been shown to significantly affect the vulnerability of user-chosen passwords to guessing attacks. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Saul Johnson , João F. Ferreira , Alexandra Mendes , Julien Cordry

The security of passwords depends on a thorough understanding of the strategies used by attackers. Unfortunately, real-world adversaries use pragmatic guessing tactics like dictionary attacks, which are difficult to simulate in password…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Fangyi Yu , Miguel Vargas Martin

Among the various means of available resource protection including biometrics, password based system is most simple, user friendly, cost effective and commonly used. But this method having high sensitivity with attacks. Most of the advanced…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2009-10-13 Manoj Kumar Singh

Given the choice, users produce passwords reflecting common strategies and patterns that ease recall but offer uncertain and often weak security. System-assigned passwords provide measurable security but suffer from poor memorability. To…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2015-03-10 Mahdi Nasrullah Al-Ameen , Matthew Wright , Shannon Scielzo

The aim of this work is to study the evolution of password selection among users. We investigate whether users follow best practices when selecting passwords and identify areas in need of improvement. Four distinct publicly-available…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-04-12 Theodosis Mourouzis , Kyriacos E. Pavlou , Stylianos Kampakis

Reusing passwords across multiple websites is a common practice that compromises security. Recently, Blum and Vempala have proposed password strategies to help people calculate, in their heads, passwords for different sites without…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-05-28 Samira Samadi , Santosh Vempala , Adam Tauman Kalai

In recent decades, criminals have increasingly used the web to research, assist and perpetrate criminal behaviour. One of the most important ways in which law enforcement can battle this growing trend is through accessing pertinent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-03 Aikaterini Kanta , Iwen Coisel , Mark Scanlon

Considering the rise of cyberattacks incidents worldwide, the need to ensure stronger passwords is necessary. Developing a password strength meter (PSM) can help users create stronger passwords when creating an account on an online…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Nikitha M. Palaniappan , Ying He

System passwords serve as critical credentials for user authentication and access control when logging into operating systems or applications. Upon entering a valid password, users pass verification to access system resources and execute…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Chaofang Shi , Zhongwen Li , Xiaoqi Li

Password authentication suffers from the well-known tradeoff between security and usability. Secure passwords are difficult for users to remember, and memorable passwords are often easy to guess. SPARse Two-dimensional AuthenticatioN…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-22 Sarah C. Helble , Alexander J. Gartner , Jennifer A. McKneely

Password managers are important tools that enable us to use stronger passwords, freeing us from the cognitive burden of remembering them. Despite this, there are still many users who do not fully trust password managers. In this paper, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Miguel Grilo , João F. Ferreira , José Bacelar Almeida

The purpose of this study was to measure whether participant education, profession, and technical skill level exhibited a relationship with identification of password strength. Participants reviewed 50 passwords and labeled each as weak or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-01-15 Jason M. Pittman , Nikki Robinson

Text-based secrets are still the most commonly used authentication mechanism in information systems. IT managers must strike a balance between security and memorability while developing password policies. Initially introduced as more secure…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Noopa Jagadeesh , Miguel Vargas Martin

Vulnerabilities related to weak passwords are a pressing global economic and security issue. We report a novel, simple, and effective approach to address the weak password problem. Building upon chaotic dynamics, criticality at phase…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-05-27 T. V. Laptyeva , S. Flach , K. Kladko

Passwords are the most common mechanism for authenticating users online. However, studies have shown that users find it difficult to create and manage secure passwords. To that end, passphrases are often recommended as a usable alternative…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Avirup Mukherjee , Kousshik Murali , Shivam Kumar Jha , Niloy Ganguly , Rahul Chatterjee , Mainack Mondal

In recent years, numerous incidents involving the leakage of website accounts and text passwords (referred to as passwords) have raised significant concerns regarding the potential exposure of personal information. These events underscore…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Abel C. H. Chen