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Hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) learns to make decisions on multiple levels of temporal abstraction. A key challenge in HRL is that the low-level policy changes over time, making it difficult for the high-level policy to generate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Vivienne Huiling Wang , Tinghuai Wang , Joni Pajarinen

It is known that reinforcement learning (RL) is data-hungry. To improve sample-efficiency of RL, it has been proposed that the learning algorithm utilize data from 'approximately similar' processes. However, since the process models are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Vinay Kanakeri , Shivam Bajaj , Ashwin Verma , Vijay Gupta , Aritra Mitra

Large language model (LLM) agents have demonstrated strong capabilities in complex interactive decision-making tasks. However, existing LLM agents typically rely on increasingly long interaction histories, resulting in high computational…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Shuai Zhen , Yanhua Yu , Ruopei Guo , Nan Cheng , Yang Deng

Humans are masters at quickly learning many complex tasks, relying on an approximate understanding of the dynamics of their environments. In much the same way, we would like our learning agents to quickly adapt to new tasks. In this paper,…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved strong performance on a wide range of complex reasoning tasks, yet further gains are often possible by leveraging the complementary strengths of multiple models. While multi-agent frameworks can…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Andrew Estornell , Jean-Francois Ton , Muhammad Faaiz Taufiq , Hang Li

Letting robots emulate human behavior has always posed a challenge, particularly in scenarios involving multiple robots. In this paper, we presented a framework aimed at achieving multi-agent reinforcement learning for robot control in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Kangkang Duan , Christine Wun Ki Suen , Zhengbo Zou

The cooperation among AI systems, and between AI systems and humans is becoming increasingly important. In various real-world tasks, an agent needs to cooperate with unknown partner agent types. This requires the agent to assess the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Antti Keurulainen , Isak Westerlund , Ariel Kwiatkowski , Samuel Kaski , Alexander Ilin

We present a decentralized reinforcement learning (RL) approach to address the multi-agent shepherding control problem, departing from the conventional assumption of cohesive target groups. Our two-layer control architecture consists of a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-29 Italo Napolitano , Andrea Lama , Francesco De Lellis , Mario di Bernardo

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is an area of growing interest in the field of artificial intelligence due to its many notable applications in diverse fields. Particularly within the context of intelligent vehicle control, RL has made…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Rafael Pina , Corentin Artaud , Xiaolan Liu , Varuna De Silva

In a warehouse environment, tasks appear dynamically. Consequently, a task management system that matches them with the workforce too early (e.g., weeks in advance) is necessarily sub-optimal. Also, the rapidly increasing size of the action…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Diogo S. Carvalho , Biswa Sengupta

Many robotic tasks are composed of a lot of temporally correlated sub-tasks in a highly complex environment. It is important to discover situational intentions and proper actions by deliberating on temporal abstractions to solve problems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Se-Wook Yoo , Seung-Woo Seo

Recently, graph-based planning algorithms have gained much attention to solve goal-conditioned reinforcement learning (RL) tasks: they provide a sequence of subgoals to reach the target-goal, and the agents learn to execute…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Junsu Kim , Younggyo Seo , Sungsoo Ahn , Kyunghwan Son , Jinwoo Shin

Many strategic decision-making problems, such as environment design for warehouse robots, can be naturally formulated as bi-level reinforcement learning (RL), where a leader agent optimizes its objective while a follower solves a Markov…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Mikoto Kudo , Takumi Tanabe , Akifumi Wachi , Youhei Akimoto

Multi-UAV air combat is a complex task involving multiple autonomous UAVs, an evolving field in both aerospace and artificial intelligence. This paper aims to enhance adversarial performance through collaborative strategies. Previous…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Jinhui Pang , Jinglin He , Noureldin Mohamed Abdelaal Ahmed Mohamed , Changqing Lin , Zhihui Zhang , Xiaoshuai Hao

This paper deals with distributed policy optimization in reinforcement learning, which involves a central controller and a group of learners. In particular, two typical settings encountered in several applications are considered:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Tianyi Chen , Kaiqing Zhang , Georgios B. Giannakis , Tamer Başar

Cooperative multi-robot tasks can benefit from heterogeneity in the robots' physical and behavioral traits. In spite of this, traditional Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) frameworks lack the ability to explicitly accommodate policy…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-01-19 Matteo Bettini , Ajay Shankar , Amanda Prorok

Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (HRL) algorithms have been demonstrated to perform well on high-dimensional decision making and robotic control tasks. However, because they solely optimize for rewards, the agent tends to search the same…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Kandai Watanabe , Mathew Strong , Omer Eldar

Developing an automated driving system capable of navigating complex traffic environments remains a formidable challenge. Unlike rule-based or supervised learning-based methods, Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) based controllers eliminate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Zhihao Zhang , Ekim Yurtsever , Keith A. Redmill

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have demonstrated promising results on complex tasks, yet often require impractical numbers of samples since they learn from scratch. Meta-RL aims to address this challenge by leveraging experience…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Russell Mendonca , Abhishek Gupta , Rosen Kralev , Pieter Abbeel , Sergey Levine , Chelsea Finn

Open-ended AI agents need to be able to learn efficiently goals of increasing complexity, abstraction and heterogeneity over their lifetime. Beyond sampling efficiently their own goals, autotelic agents specifically need to be able to keep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Thomas Carta , Clément Romac , Loris Gaven , Pierre-Yves Oudeyer , Olivier Sigaud , Sylvain Lamprier