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Related papers: The Ryu-Takayanagi Formula from Quantum Error Corr…

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I argue that a version of the quantum-corrected Ryu-Takayanagi formula holds in any quantum error-correcting code. I present this result as a series of theorems of increasing generality, with the final statement expressed in the language of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-08-02 Daniel Harlow

Tensor networks implementing quantum error correcting codes have recently been used to construct toy models of holographic duality explicitly realizing some of the more puzzling features of the AdS/CFT correspondence. These models reproduce…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-03-23 Zhao Yang , Patrick Hayden , Xiao-Liang Qi

We propose a family of exactly solvable toy models for the AdS/CFT correspondence based on a novel construction of quantum error-correcting codes with a tensor network structure. Our building block is a special type of tensor with maximal…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-07-23 Fernando Pastawski , Beni Yoshida , Daniel Harlow , John Preskill

Holographic quantum error-correcting code, the quantum-information structure hypothesized for the AdS/CFT correspondence, has being attracting increasing attention in new directions interrelating the studies of quantum gravity and quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-16 Wei Wang

Recent works by Chandrasekaran, Penington, and Witten have shown in various special contexts that the quantum-corrected Ryu-Takayanagi (RT) entropy (or its covariant Hubeny-Rangamani-Takayanagi (HRT) generalization) can be understood as…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-10-17 Eugenia Colafranceschi , Xi Dong , Donald Marolf , Zhencheng Wang

We point out a connection between the emergence of bulk locality in AdS/CFT and the theory of quantum error correction. Bulk notions such as Bogoliubov transformations, location in the radial direction, and the holographic entropy bound all…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-07-29 Ahmed Almheiri , Xi Dong , Daniel Harlow

We study the holographic map in AdS/CFT, as modeled by a quantum error correcting code with exact complementary recovery. We show that the map is determined by local conditional expectations acting on the operator algebras of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-08-14 Thomas Faulkner

We study a class of quantum states involving multiple entangled CFTs in AdS$_3$/CFT$_2$, associated with multi-boundary black hole geometries, and demonstrate that the Ryu-Takayanagi (RT) formula for entanglement entropy can be derived…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-01 Ning Bao , Hao Geng , Yikun Jiang

The Ryu-Takayanagi and Hubeny-Rangamani-Takayanagi formulae suggest that bulk geometry emerges from the entanglement structure of the boundary theory. Using these formulae, we build on a result of Alexakis, Balehowsky, and Nachman to show…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-09-04 Ning Bao , ChunJun Cao , Sebastian Fischetti , Cynthia Keeler

We consider entanglement entropy in quantum field theories with a gravity dual. In the gravity description, the leading order contribution comes from the area of a minimal surface, as proposed by Ryu-Takayanagi. Here we describe the one…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-16 Thomas Faulkner , Aitor Lewkowycz , Juan Maldacena

Quantum error-correcting codes provide a powerful framework for emergent spacetime, yet existing holographic code models describe only quantum fields on a fixed background: in exact erasure-correcting codes, the entropic area term is state…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-03-17 ChunJun Cao , Gong Cheng , Krishnanand Karthikeyan , Cathy Li , John Preskill

We consider the question of whether the leading contribution to the entanglement entropy in holographic CFTs is truly given by the expectation value of a linear operator as is suggested by the Ryu-Takayanagi formula. We investigate this…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-02-21 Ahmed Almheiri , Xi Dong , Brian Swingle

In this work, we address the unresolved type III cases of the algebraic reconstruction theorem by integrating crossed product algebras and semiclassical approximations. We first derive that the relative entropy in crossed product algebras…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-14 Haocheng Zhong

Tensor networks provide a natural framework for exploring holographic duality because they obey entanglement area laws. They have been used to construct explicit toy models realizing many interesting structural features of the AdS/CFT…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-11-07 Patrick Hayden , Sepehr Nezami , Xiao-Liang Qi , Nathaniel Thomas , Michael Walter , Zhao Yang

We apply and extend the theory of universal recovery channels from quantum information theory to address the problem of entanglement wedge reconstruction in AdS/CFT. It has recently been proposed that any low-energy local bulk operators in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-07-31 Jordan Cotler , Patrick Hayden , Geoffrey Penington , Grant Salton , Brian Swingle , Michael Walter

Under semiclassical evolution, black holes retain a smooth horizon but fail to return information. Yet, the Ryu-Takayanagi prescription computes the boundary entropy expected from unitary CFT evolution. We demonstrate this in a novel…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-11-25 Raphael Bousso , Marija Tomasevic

We use the formalism of geodesic Witten diagrams to study the holographic realization of the conformal block expansion for entanglement entropy of two disjoint intervals. The agreement between the Ryu-Takayanagi formula and the identity…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-07-24 Andrea Prudenziati

For quantum gravity states associated to open spin network graphs, we study how the entanglement entropy of the boundary degrees of freedom (spins on open edges) is affected by the bulk data, specifically by its combinatorial structure and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-03-14 Goffredo Chirco , Eugenia Colafranceschi , Daniele Oriti

In 2006, Ryu and Takayanagi (RT) pointed out that (with a suitable cutoff) the entanglement entropy between two complementary regions of an equal-time surface of a d+1-dimensional conformal field theory on the conformal boundary of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-05-26 Bernard S. Kay

A huge progress in studying holographic theories is that holography can be interpreted via the quantum error correction, which makes equal the entanglement wedge reconstruction, the Jafferis-Lewkowycz-Maldacena-Suh formula, the radial…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-20 Mingshuai Xu , Haocheng Zhong
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