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This dissertation studies a fundamental open challenge in deep learning theory: why do deep networks generalize well even while being overparameterized, unregularized and fitting the training data to zero error? In the first part of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Vaishnavh Nagarajan

Deep neural networks generalize well on unseen data though the number of parameters often far exceeds the number of training examples. Recently proposed complexity measures have provided insights to understanding the generalizability in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Jingling Li , Yanchao Sun , Jiahao Su , Taiji Suzuki , Furong Huang

We study the generalization of over-parameterized deep networks (for image classification) in relation to the convex hull of their training sets. Despite their great success, generalization of deep networks is considered a mystery. These…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Roozbeh Yousefzadeh

Existing generalization measures that aim to capture a model's simplicity based on parameter counts or norms fail to explain generalization in overparameterized deep neural networks. In this paper, we introduce a new, theoretically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Lorenz Kuhn , Clare Lyle , Aidan N. Gomez , Jonas Rothfuss , Yarin Gal

Complex networks are at the core of an intense research activity. However, in most cases, intricate and costly measurement procedures are needed to explore their structure. In some cases, these measurements rely on link queries: given two…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2009-04-22 Fabien Tarissan , Matthieu Latapy , Christophe Prieur

This work describes how the formalization of complex network concepts in terms of discrete mathematics, especially mathematical morphology, allows a series of generalizations and important results ranging from new measurements of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-09-19 Luciano da Fontoura Costa , Luis Enrique C. da Rocha

Recent works have cast some light on the mystery of why deep nets fit any data and generalize despite being very overparametrized. This paper analyzes training and generalization for a simple 2-layer ReLU net with random initialization, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Sanjeev Arora , Simon S. Du , Wei Hu , Zhiyuan Li , Ruosong Wang

When several models have similar training scores, classical model selection heuristics follow Occam's razor and advise choosing the ones with least capacity. Yet, modern practice with large neural networks has often led to situations where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Luis Sa-Couto , Jose Miguel Ramos , Andreas Wichert

A good deal of current research in complex networks involves the characterization and/or classification of the topological properties of given structures, which has motivated several respective measurements. This letter proposes a framework…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-07-26 Cesar H. Comin , Filipi N. Silva , Luciano da F. Costa

Measures of complex network analysis, such as vertex centrality, have the potential to unveil existing network patterns and behaviors. They contribute to the understanding of networks and their components by analyzing their structural…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Felipe Grando , Diego Noble , Luis C. Lamb

There is an ongoing and dedicated effort to estimate bounds on the generalization error of deep learning models, coupled with an increasing interest with practical metrics that can be used to experimentally evaluate a model's ability to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Mengqing Huang , Hongchuan Yu , Jianjun Zhang

Each complex network (or class of networks) presents specific topological features which characterize its connectivity and highly influence the dynamics of processes executed on the network. The analysis, discrimination, and synthesis of…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-09-29 Luciano da F. Costa , Francisco A. Rodrigues , Gonzalo Travieso , P. R. Villas Boas

The primary objective of learning methods is generalization. Classic uniform generalization bounds, which rely on VC-dimension or Rademacher complexity, fail to explain the significant attribute that over-parameterized models in deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Lijia Yu , Yibo Miao , Yifan Zhu , Xiao-Shan Gao , Lijun Zhang

Neural networks appear to have mysterious generalization properties when using parameter counting as a proxy for complexity. Indeed, neural networks often have many more parameters than there are data points, yet still provide good…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Wesley J. Maddox , Gregory Benton , Andrew Gordon Wilson

Overparameterized deep networks that generalize well have been key to the dramatic success of deep learning in recent years. The reasons for their remarkable ability to generalize are not well understood yet. When class labels in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Simran Ketha , Venkatakrishnan Ramaswamy

Despite the popularity and success of deep learning, there is limited understanding of when, how, and why neural networks generalize to unseen examples. Since learning can be seen as extracting information from data, we formally study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Hrayr Harutyunyan

In high dimensional settings, density estimation algorithms rely crucially on their inductive bias. Despite recent empirical success, the inductive bias of deep generative models is not well understood. In this paper we propose a framework…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-09 Shengjia Zhao , Hongyu Ren , Arianna Yuan , Jiaming Song , Noah Goodman , Stefano Ermon

Identifying central entities and interactions is a fundamental problem in network science. While well-studied for graphs (pairwise relations), many biological and social systems exhibit higher-order interactions best modeled by hypergraphs.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-12-02 Jaewan Chun , Fanchen Bu , Yeongho Kim , Atsushi Miyauchi , Francesco Bonchi , Kijung Shin

Aimed at explaining the surprisingly good generalization behavior of overparameterized deep networks, recent works have developed a variety of generalization bounds for deep learning, all based on the fundamental learning-theoretic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Vaishnavh Nagarajan , J. Zico Kolter

As shown in recent research, deep neural networks can perfectly fit randomly labeled data, but with very poor accuracy on held out data. This phenomenon indicates that loss functions such as cross-entropy are not a reliable indicator of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-06-13 Yiding Jiang , Dilip Krishnan , Hossein Mobahi , Samy Bengio