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Simulated Students offer a valuable methodological framework for evaluating pedagogical approaches and modelling diverse learner profiles, tasks which are otherwise challenging to undertake systematically in real-world settings. Recent…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Luis Marquez-Carpintero , Alberto Lopez-Sellers , Miguel Cazorla

Transformer based language models (LMs) demonstrate increasing performance with scale across a wide variety of tasks. Scale alone however cannot enable models to solve tasks that require access to ephemeral, changing, or private data that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Aaron Parisi , Yao Zhao , Noah Fiedel

As Large Language Models (LLMs) and other forms of Generative AI permeate various aspects of our lives, their application for learning and education has provided opportunities and challenges. This paper presents an investigation into the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Daniel Leiker , Sara Finnigan , Ashley Ricker Gyllen , Mutlu Cukurova

Large pre-trained language models are capable of generating realistic text. However, controlling these models so that the generated text satisfies lexical constraints, i.e., contains specific words, is a challenging problem. Given that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Damian Pascual , Beni Egressy , Florian Bolli , Roger Wattenhofer

Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a class of deep learning models adept at understanding natural language and generating coherent responses to various prompts or queries. These models far exceed the complexity of conventional neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Minghao Shao , Abdul Basit , Ramesh Karri , Muhammad Shafique

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated a powerful ability for text generation. However, achieving optimal results with a given prompt or instruction can be challenging, especially for billion-sized models. Additionally, undesired…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Lifu Tu , Semih Yavuz , Jin Qu , Jiacheng Xu , Rui Meng , Caiming Xiong , Yingbo Zhou

The development of large language models and multi-modal models has enabled the appealing idea of generating novel molecules from text descriptions. Generative modeling would shift the paradigm from relying on large-scale chemical screening…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Yifan Deng , Spencer S. Ericksen , Anthony Gitter

Large language models (LLMs) have attracted great attention given their strong performance on a wide range of NLP tasks. In practice, users often expect generated texts to fall within a specific length range, making length controlled…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Renlong Jie , Xiaojun Meng , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu

Pre-trained language models (PLM) have marked a huge leap in neural dialogue modeling. While PLMs are pre-trained on large-scale text corpora, they are usually fine-tuned on scarce dialogue data with specific domain knowledge and dialogue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Xiaodong Gu , Kang Min Yoo , Sang-Woo Lee

The instruction-following ability of large language models enables humans to interact with AI agents in a natural way. However, when required to generate responses of a specific length, large language models often struggle to meet users'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Jiaming Li , Lei Zhang , Yunshui Li , Ziqiang Liu , yuelin bai , Run Luo , Longze Chen , Min Yang

Reinforcement learning (RL) can align language models with non-differentiable reward signals, such as human preferences. However, a major challenge arises from the sparsity of these reward signals - typically, there is only a single reward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Meng Cao , Lei Shu , Lei Yu , Yun Zhu , Nevan Wichers , Yinxiao Liu , Lei Meng

Recently, pretrained language models (PLMs) have had exceptional success in language generation. To leverage the rich knowledge encoded by PLMs, a simple yet powerful paradigm is to use prompts in the form of either discrete tokens or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Tianyi Tang , Junyi Li , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

Text generation has become one of the most important yet challenging tasks in natural language processing (NLP). The resurgence of deep learning has greatly advanced this field by neural generation models, especially the paradigm of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-26 Junyi Li , Tianyi Tang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly better at a wide range of Natural Language Processing tasks (NLP), such as text generation and understanding. Recently, these models have extended their capabilities to coding tasks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Nishat Raihan , Mohammed Latif Siddiq , Joanna C. S. Santos , Marcos Zampieri

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing (NLP) with impressive performance across various text-based tasks. However, the extension of text-dominant LLMs to with speech generation tasks remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Maohao Shen , Shun Zhang , Jilong Wu , Zhiping Xiu , Ehab AlBadawy , Yiting Lu , Mike Seltzer , Qing He

Metadata attributes (e.g., user and product IDs from reviews) can be incorporated as additional inputs to neural-based NLP models, by modifying the architecture of the models, in order to improve their performance. Recent models however…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Reinald Kim Amplayo , Kang Min Yoo , Sang-Woo Lee

This paper introduces a parameterization framework for controlling conversation quality in large language models. We explore nine key parameters across six dimensions that enable precise specification of dialogue properties. Through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Shengqi Li , Amarnath Gupta

Large-scale language models (LMs) pretrained on massive corpora of text, such as GPT-2, are powerful open-domain text generators. However, as our systematic examination reveals, it is still challenging for such models to generate coherent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Bowen Tan , Zichao Yang , Maruan AI-Shedivat , Eric P. Xing , Zhiting Hu

A Language Model is a term that encompasses various types of models designed to understand and generate human communication. Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained significant attention due to their ability to process text with human-like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Sylvio Barbon Junior , Paolo Ceravolo , Sven Groppe , Mustafa Jarrar , Samira Maghool , Florence Sèdes , Soror Sahri , Maurice Van Keulen

How does textual representation of audio relate to the Large Language Model's (LLMs) learning about the audio world? This research investigates the extent to which LLMs can be prompted to generate audio, despite their primary training in…