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Related papers: A Mean Field Games Model for Cryptocurrency Mining

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Miners play a key role in cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin: they invest substantial computational resources in processing transactions and minting new currency units. It is well known that an attacker controlling more than half of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-16 Matteo Romiti , Aljosha Judmayer , Alexei Zamyatin , Bernhard Haslhofer

This paper studies the optimal investment behavior of renewable electricity producers in a competitive market, where both prices and installation costs are influenced by aggregate industry activity. We model the resulting crowding effects…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-16 Emma Hubert , Dimitrios Lolas , Ronnie Sircar

Mining for Bitcoins is a high-risk high-reward activity. Miners, seeking to reduce their variance and earn steadier rewards, collaborate in pooling strategies where they jointly mine for Bitcoins. Whenever some pool participant is…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-03-14 Ben A. Fisch , Rafael Pass , Abhi Shelat

In cryptocurrencies, the block reward is meant to serve as the incentive mechanism for miners to commit resources to create blocks and in effect secure the system. Existing systems primarily divide the reward in proportion to expended…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Lucianna Kiffer , Rajmohan Rajaraman

In this paper, we consider the problem of generating fair randomness in a deterministic, multi-agent context (for instance, a decentralised game built on a blockchain). The existing state-of-the-art approaches are either susceptible to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-21 Daniel Kraft

To participate in the distributed consensus of permissionless blockchains, prospective nodes -- or miners -- provide proof of designated, costly resources. However, in contrast to the intended decentralization, current data on blockchain…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Nikos Leonardos , Stefanos Leonardos , Georgios Piliouras

Blockchain systems often employ proof-of-work consensus protocols to validate and add transactions into hashchains. These protocols stimulate competition among miners in solving cryptopuzzles (e.g. SHA-256 hash computation in Bitcoin) in…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-05-13 Venkata Sriram Siddhardh Nadendla , Lav R. Varshney

This paper proposes a conceptual framework for the analysis of reward sharing schemes in mining pools, such as those associated with Bitcoin. The framework is centered around the reported shares in a pool instead of agents and results in…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Burak Can , Jens Leth Hougaard , Mohsen Pourpouneh

We study the strategic implications that arise from adding one extra option to the miners participating in the bitcoin protocol. We propose that when adding a block, miners also have the ability to pay forward an amount to be collected by…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Elias Koutsoupias , Philip Lazos , Paolo Serafino , Foluso Ogunlana

Crypto-currencies are digital assets designed to work as a medium of exchange, e.g., Bitcoin, but they are susceptible to attacks (dishonest behavior of participants). A framework for the analysis of attacks in crypto-currencies requires…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-06-11 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Amir Kafshdar Goharshady , Rasmus Ibsen-Jensen , Yaron Velner

Self-interested behavior in sharing economies often leads to inefficient aggregate outcomes compared to a centrally coordinated allocation, ultimately harming users. Yet, centralized coordination removes individual decision power. This…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Leonardo Pedroso , Andrea Agazzi , W. P. M. H. Heemels , Mauro Salazar

It is an important decision-making problem for a miner in the blockchain networks if he/she participates in the mining so that he/she earns a reward by creating a new block earlier than other miners. We formulate this decision-making…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Kosuke Toda , Naomi Kuze , Toshimitsu Ushio

We model and analyze blockchain miners who seek to maximize the compound return of their mining businesses. The analysis of the optimal strategies finds a new equilibrium point among the miners and the mining pools, which predicts the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Go Yamamoto , Aron Laszka , Fuhito Kojima

This paper integrates Austrian capital theory with repeated game theory to examine strategic miner behaviour under different institutional conditions in blockchain systems. It shows that when protocol rules are mutable, effective time…

General Economics · Economics 2025-06-27 Craig Steven Wright

The energy sustainability of blockchains, whose consensus protocol rests on the Proof-of-Work, nourishes a heated debate. The underlying issue lies in a highly energy-consuming process, defined as mining, required to validate crypto-asset…

When network products and services become more valuable as their userbase grows (network effects), this tendency can become a major determinant of how they compete with each other in the market and how the market is structured. Network…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-01-18 Konstantinos Stylianou , Leonhard Spiegelberg , Maurice Herlihy , Nic Carter

Mobile edge computing (MEC) is a promising technology that enhances the efficiency of mobile blockchain networks, by enabling miners, often acted by mobile users (MUs) with limited computing resources, to offload resource-intensive mining…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Licheng Ye , Zehui Xiong , Lin Gao , Dusit Niyato

We formalize the current practice of strategic mining in multi-cryptocurrency markets as a game, and prove that any better-response learning in such games converges to equilibrium. We then offer a reward design scheme that moves the system…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-24 Alexander Spiegelman , Idit Keidar , Moshe Tennenholtz

Temporary fork is a fundamental phenomenon in many blockchains with proof of work, and the analysis of temporary fork has recently drawn great attention. Different from existing efforts that focus on the blockchain system factors such as…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Canhui Chen , Xu Chen , Jiangshan Yu , Weigang Wu , Di Wu

The goal of this paper is to establish the general framework of consensus equilibria for Mining-Pool Games in Blockchain Ecosystems, and with the explanation for the stability of in terms of the existence of consensus equilibria related to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-01 George Yuan