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Since the birth of quantum optics, the measurement of quantum states of nonclassical light has been of tremendous importance for advancement in the field. To date, conventional detectors such as photomultipliers, avalanche photodiodes, and…
This review discusses how low-energy, valence excitations created by swift electrons can render information on the optical response of structured materials with unmatched spatial resolution. Electron microscopes are capable of focusing…
Plasmons in atomically thin materials offer a compelling route to trigger nonlinear light-matter interactions through extreme optical confinement in the two-dimensional (2D) limit. However, optical nonlocality in plasmons is typically…
The inherently weak nonlinear optical response of bulk materials remains a fundamental limitation in advancing photonic technologies. Nanophotonics addresses this challenge by tailoring the size and morphology of nanostructures to…
A series of MnxZn1-xO (x=0.03, 0.05) nanostructures have been grown via the solution based chemical spray pyrolysis technique. Electron beam induced modifications on structural, linear and nonlinear optical and surface morphological…
Electron spectroscopy implemented in electron microscopes provides high spatial resolution, down to the atomic scale, of the chemical, electronic, vibrational and optical properties of materials. In this review, we will describe how…
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), a century-old technique, is today a ubiquitous method of imaging the surface of nanostructures. However, most SEM detectors simply count the number of secondary electrons from a material of interest, and…
The scanning electron microscope (SEM) produces an image of a sample by scanning it with a focused beam of electrons. The electrons interact with the atoms in the sample, which emit secondary electrons that contain information about the…
We study the scattering of electromagnetic waves in anisotropic energetic materials. Nonlinear light-matter interactions in molecular crystals result in frequency-conversion and polarization changes. Applied electromagnetic fields of…
*To be published in Springer Handbook of Surface Science (Springer Verlag) [Preprint]* The capability to display images containing chemical, magnetic and structural information and to perform spectroscopy and diffraction from a {\mu}m-sized…
Nonlinear imaging systems can surpass the limits of linear optics, but to date they have all relied on physical media (e.g. crystals) to work. These materials are all constrained by their physical properties, such as frequency selectivity,…
Nonlinear optical microscopy such as in the optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) modality has become a popular tool today for probing materials in the physical and biological sciences. While imaging and spectroscopy are widely used in…
Nonlinear spectroscopy with quantum entangled photons is an emerging field of research that holds the promise to achieve a superior signal-to-noise ratio and effectively isolate many-body interactions. Photon sources used for this purpose…
Quantification of nonlinear optical properties is required for nano-optical devices, but they are challenging to measure on a nanomaterial. Here, we harness enhanced optical fields inside a plasmonic nanocavity to mediate efficient…
Electron microscopes have been improved to achieve ever smaller beam spots, a key parameter that determines the instrument's resolution. The techniques to measure the size of the beam, however, have not progressed to the same degree. There…
We provide a theoretical framework for the prediction and interpretation of momentum dependent phonon spectra due to coherent inelastic scattering of electrons. We complete the approach with first principles lattice dynamics using periodic…
Electrically tunable graphene plasmons are anticipated to enable strong light-matter interactions with resonant quantum emitters. However, plasmon resonances in graphene are typically limited to infrared frequencies, below those of optical…
The application of PhotoEmission Electron Microscopy (PEEM) and Low Energy Electron Microscopy (LEEM) techniques to the study of the electronic and chemical structure of ferroelectric materials is reviewed. Electron optics in both…
Polar dielectric nanoresonators can support hybrid photon-phonon modes termed surface phonon polaritons with lengthscales below the diffraction limit. In the deep sub-wavelength regime the optical response of these systems was recently…
We show that, nonlinear optical processes of nanoparticles can be controlled by the presence of interactions with a molecule or a quantum dot. By choosing the appropriate level spacing for the quantum emitter, one can either suppress or…