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We introduce a variational hybrid classical-quantum algorithm to simulate the Lindblad master equation and its adjoint for time-evolving Markovian open quantum systems and quantum observables. Our method is based on a direct representation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-19 Tasneem Watad , Netanel H. Lindner

We consider the natural generalization of the Schr\"{o}dinger equation to Markovian open system dynamics: the so-called the Lindblad equation. We give a quantum algorithm for simulating the evolution of an $n$-qubit system for time $t$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-07 Richard Cleve , Chunhao Wang

We present a quantum algorithm for simulating a family of Markovian master equations that can be realized through a probabilistic application of unitary channels and state preparation. Our approach employs a second-order product formula for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-02 Evan Borras , Milad Marvian

The time evolution of Markovian open quantum systems is governed by Lindblad master equations, whose solution can be formally written as the Lindbladian exponential acting on the initial density matrix. By expanding this Lindbladian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-03 Jiayin Gu , Fan Zhang

Solving linear ordinary differential equations (ODE) is one of the most promising applications for quantum computers to demonstrate exponential advantages. The challenge of designing a quantum ODE algorithm is how to embed non-unitary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-30 Zhong-Xia Shang , Naixu Guo , Dong An , Qi Zhao

We develop a Markovian master equation in the Lindblad form that enables the efficient study of a wide range of open quantum many-body systems that would be inaccessible with existing methods. The validity of the master equation is based…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-09-08 Frederik Nathan , Mark S. Rudner

Dynamics of an open $N$-state quantum system is typically modeled with a Markovian master equation describing the evolution of the system's density operator. By using generators of $SU(N)$ group as a basis, the density operator can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-20 A. Liniov , I. Meyerov , E. Kozinov , V. Volokitin , I. Yusipov , M. Ivanchenko , S. Denisov

This paper proposes a distributed computing framework for solving the Lindblad master equation in large-dimensional cavity QED systems. By leveraging the sparsity of the jump operator and combining this approach with the Cannon algorithm,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-05 Hui-hui Miao

In this paper, we investigate the problem of simulating open system dynamics governed by the well-known Lindblad master equation. In our prequel paper, we introduced an input model in which Lindblad operators are encoded into pure quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-14 Dhrumil Patel , Mark M. Wilde

We present an efficient algorithm for simulating open quantum systems dynamics described by the Lindblad master equation on quantum computers, addressing key challenges in the field. In contrast to existing approaches, our method achieves…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-31 Giovanni Di Bartolomeo , Michele Vischi , Tommaso Feri , Angelo Bassi , Sandro Donadi

Density Matrix Exponentiation is a technique for simulating Hamiltonian dynamics when the Hamiltonian to be simulated is available as a quantum state. In this paper, we present a natural analogue to this technique, for simulating Markovian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-06 Dhrumil Patel , Mark M. Wilde

We compare two approaches to open quantum systems, namely, the non-Hermitian dynamics and the Lindblad master equation. In order to deal with more general dissipative phenomena, we propose the unified master equation that combines the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-10 Konstantin G. Zloshchastiev , Alessandro Sergi

In this paper, we introduce a novel and general framework for the variational quantum simulation of Lindblad equations. Building on the close relationship between the unraveled Lindblad dynamics, stochastic Magnus integrators, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-22 Jia-Cheng Huang , Hao-En Li , Yi-Cheng Wang , Guang-Ze Zhang , Jun Li , Han-Shi Hu

Simulation of open quantum systems via the Lindblad master equation is a computational bottleneck in near-term quantum control workflows, including optimal pulse engineering (GRAPE), trajectory-based robustness analysis, and feedback…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-20 Rylan Malarchick

We develop a new method for the construction of one-dimensional integrable Lindblad systems, which describe quantum many body models in contact with a Markovian environment. We find several new models with interesting features, such as…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-06-23 Marius de Leeuw , Chiara Paletta , Balázs Pozsgay

The Lindblad master equation is a foundational tool for modeling the dynamics of open quantum systems. As its use has extended far beyond its original domain, the boundaries of its validity have grown opaque. In particular, the rise of new…

Liouvillian dynamics describes the evolution of a density operator in closed quantum systems. One extension towards open quantum systems is provided by the Lindblad equation. It is applied to various systems and energy regimes in solid…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-16 Jan Rais , Adrian Koenigstein , Niklas Zorbach , Carsten Greiner

The Lindblad equation determines the time evolution of the density operator of open quantum systems. While valid for any system size, its use is, in practice, restricted to prototype/surrogate models with the aim of tackling specific…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Benedikt M. Reible , Somayeh Ahmadkhani , Luigi Delle Site

Quantum scientific computing is to solve engineering and science problems such as simulation and optimization on quantum computers. Solving ordinary and partial differential equations (PDEs) is essential in simulations. However, existing…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-28 Eunsik Choi , Jungin E. Kim , Xueling Lu , Yan Wang

The Lindblad equation generalizes the Schr\"{o}dinger equation to quantum systems that undergo dissipative dynamics. The quantum simulation of Lindbladian dynamics is therefore non-unitary, preventing a naive application of state-of-the-art…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-20 Matthew Pocrnic , Dvira Segal , Nathan Wiebe
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