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Generative models have excelled in audio tasks using approaches such as language models, diffusion, and flow matching. However, existing generative approaches for speech enhancement (SE) face notable challenges: language model-based methods…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-28 Ziqian Wang , Zikai Liu , Xinfa Zhu , Yike Zhu , Mingshuai Liu , Jun Chen , Longshuai Xiao , Chao Weng , Lei Xie

Conditional flow matching (CFM) stands out as an efficient, simulation-free approach for training flow-based generative models, achieving remarkable performance for data generation. However, CFM is insufficient to ensure accuracy in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yuhao Huang , Taos Transue , Shih-Hsin Wang , William Feldman , Hong Zhang , Bao Wang

Estimating counterfactual distributions under interventions is central to treatment risk assessment and counterfactual generation tasks. Existing approaches model the counterfactual distribution as a standalone generative target, without…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-11 Hugh Dance , Johnny Xi , Peter Orbanz , Benjamin Bloem-Reddy

In this work, we propose the Generative Latent Flow (GLF), an algorithm for generative modeling of the data distribution. GLF uses an Auto-encoder (AE) to learn latent representations of the data, and a normalizing flow to map the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Zhisheng Xiao , Qing Yan , Yali Amit

This paper proposes the divergence triangle as a framework for joint training of generator model, energy-based model and inference model. The divergence triangle is a compact and symmetric (anti-symmetric) objective function that seamlessly…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-02-01 Tian Han , Erik Nijkamp , Xiaolin Fang , Mitch Hill , Song-Chun Zhu , Ying Nian Wu

Flow matching is a recent framework to train generative models that exhibits impressive empirical performance while being relatively easier to train compared with diffusion-based models. Despite its advantageous properties, prior methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Quan Dao , Hao Phung , Binh Nguyen , Anh Tran

The use of guidance to steer sampling toward desired outcomes has been widely explored within diffusion models, especially in applications such as image and trajectory generation. However, incorporating guidance during training remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Marvin Alles , Nutan Chen , Patrick van der Smagt , Botond Cseke

Flow Matching (FM) is a simulation-free method for learning a continuous and invertible flow to interpolate between two distributions, and in particular to generate data from noise. Inspired by the variational nature of the diffusion…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-14 Chen Xu , Xiuyuan Cheng , Yao Xie

The unsupervised task of aligning two or more distributions in a shared latent space has many applications including fair representations, batch effect mitigation, and unsupervised domain adaptation. Existing flow-based approaches estimate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Zeyu Zhou , Ziyu Gong , Pradeep Ravikumar , David I. Inouye

We propose a novel modular inference approach combining two different generative models -- generative adversarial networks (GAN) and normalizing flows -- to approximate the posterior distribution of physics-based Bayesian inverse problems…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Agnimitra Dasgupta , Dhruv V Patel , Deep Ray , Erik A Johnson , Assad A Oberai

We propose a novel framework for structured prediction via adversarial learning. Existing adversarial learning methods involve two separate networks, i.e., the structured prediction models and the discriminative models, in the training. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-04 Pingbo Pan , Yan Yan , Tianbao Yang , Yi Yang

Semi-supervised learning aims to learn prediction models from both labeled and unlabeled samples. There has been extensive research in this area. Among existing work, generative mixture models with Expectation-Maximization (EM) is a popular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-31 Wenchong He , Zhe Jiang

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) have been introduced as a method to sample a diverse set of candidates in an active learning context, with a training objective that makes them approximately sample in proportion to a given reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yoshua Bengio , Salem Lahlou , Tristan Deleu , Edward J. Hu , Mo Tiwari , Emmanuel Bengio

Noise contrastive estimation (NCE) is a popular method for training energy-based models (EBM) with intractable normalisation terms. The key idea of NCE is to learn by comparing unnormalised log-likelihoods of the reference and noisy…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Wanli Sun , Anton Ragni

Contrastive learning and supervised learning have both seen significant progress and success. However, thus far they have largely been treated as two separate objectives, brought together only by having a shared neural network. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Hao Liu , Pieter Abbeel

Reliable value estimation serves as the cornerstone of reinforcement learning (RL) by evaluating long-term returns and guiding policy improvement, significantly influencing the convergence speed and final performance. Existing works improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Shan Zhong , Shutong Ding , He Diao , Xiangyu Wang , Kah Chan Teh , Bei Peng

We study the model robustness against adversarial examples, referred to as small perturbed input data that may however fool many state-of-the-art deep learning models. Unlike previous research, we establish a novel theory addressing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Shufei Zhang , Kaizhu Huang , Zenglin Xu

Flow matching casts sample generation as learning a continuous-time velocity field that transports noise to data. Existing flow matching networks typically predict each point's velocity independently, considering only its location and time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Md Shahriar Rahim Siddiqui , Moshe Eliasof , Eldad Haber

Trained classification models can unintentionally lead to biased representations and predictions, which can reinforce societal preconceptions and stereotypes. Existing debiasing methods for classification models, such as adversarial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Aili Shen , Xudong Han , Trevor Cohn , Timothy Baldwin , Lea Frermann

Foundational language models show a remarkable ability to learn new concepts during inference via context data. However, similar work for images lag behind. To address this challenge, we introduce FLoWN, a flow matching model that learns to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Daniel Saragih , Deyu Cao , Tejas Balaji , Ashwin Santhosh