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Related papers: Abstract Reasoning with Distracting Features

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Large Reasoning Language Models (LRLMs or LRMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities in complex reasoning tasks, but suffer from significant computational inefficiencies due to overthinking phenomena. Existing efficient reasoning methods…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Dongqi Zheng

Recent advances in reinforcement-learning research have demonstrated impressive results in building algorithms that can out-perform humans in complex tasks. Nevertheless, creating reinforcement-learning systems that can build abstractions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Lucas Lehnert , Michael J. Frank , Michael L. Littman

Analytical reasoning is an essential and challenging task that requires a system to analyze a scenario involving a set of particular circumstances and perform reasoning over it to make conclusions. In this paper, we study the challenge of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-16 Wanjun Zhong , Siyuan Wang , Duyu Tang , Zenan Xu , Daya Guo , Jiahai Wang , Jian Yin , Ming Zhou , Nan Duan

Optimal control of complex environments with robotic systems faces two complementary and intertwined challenges: efficient organization of sensory state information and far-sighted action planning. Because the reinforcement learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Abdullah Akgül , Gulcin Baykal , Manuel Haußmann , Mustafa Mert Çelikok , Melih Kandemir

Whether neural networks can learn abstract reasoning or whether they merely rely on superficial statistics is a topic of recent debate. Here, we propose a dataset and challenge designed to probe abstract reasoning, inspired by a well-known…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-12 David G. T. Barrett , Felix Hill , Adam Santoro , Ari S. Morcos , Timothy Lillicrap

State abstraction has been an essential tool for dramatically improving the sample efficiency of reinforcement-learning algorithms. Indeed, by exposing and accentuating various types of latent structure within the environment, different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Dilip Arumugam , Benjamin Van Roy

The field of artificial intelligence (AI) is devoted to the creation of artificial decision-makers that can perform (at least) on par with the human counterparts on a domain of interest. Unlike the agents in traditional AI, the agents in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Sultan J. Majeed

Mathematical reasoning is a primary indicator of large language models (LLMs) intelligence. However, existing LLMs exhibit failures of robustness and generalization. This paper attributes these deficiencies to spurious reasoning, i.e.,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Zhejian Lai , Xiang Geng , Zhijun Wang , Yang Bai , Jiahuan Li , Rongxiang Weng , Jingang Wang , Xuezhi Cao , Xunliang Cai , Shujian Huang

The solution methods used to realize artificial general intelligence (AGI) may not contain the formalism needed to adequately model and characterize AGI. In particular, current approaches to learning hold notions of problem domain and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Tyler Cody

Raven's Progressive Matrices have been widely used for measuring abstract reasoning and intelligence in humans. However for artificial learning systems, abstract reasoning remains a challenging problem. In this paper we investigate how…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-08-18 Rollin Omari , R. I. McKay , Tom Gedeon

Large Language Models (LLMs) tend to generate a long reasoning chain when solving complex tasks. However, as the reasoning chain extends, critical intermediate steps and the original prompt will be buried in the context, receiving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Hongxiang Zhang , Yuan Tian , Tianyi Zhang

Abstract visual reasoning is a characteristically human ability, allowing the identification of relational patterns that are abstracted away from object features, and the systematic generalization of those patterns to unseen problems.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Shanka Subhra Mondal , Jonathan D. Cohen , Taylor W. Webb

Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle with deductive judgment in syllogistic reasoning, systematically conflating semantic plausibility with formal validity a phenomenon known as content effect. This bias persists even when models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Gabriele Maraia , Marco Valentino , Fabio Massimo Zanzotto , Leonardo Ranaldi

Neural Algorithmic Reasoning (NAR) is a paradigm that trains neural networks to execute classic algorithms by supervised learning. Despite its successes, important limitations remain: inability to construct valid solutions without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Alex Schutz , Victor-Alexandru Darvariu , Efimia Panagiotaki , Bruno Lacerda , Nick Hawes

Abstraction is a powerful idea widely used in science, to model, reason and explain the behavior of systems in a more tractable search space, by omitting irrelevant details. While notions of abstraction have matured for deterministic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-01-14 Vaishak Belle

Continual learning, the ability of a model to adapt to an ongoing sequence of tasks without forgetting earlier ones, is a central goal of artificial intelligence. To better understand its underlying mechanisms, we study the limitations of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-21 Hossein Taheri , Avishek Ghosh , Arya Mazumdar

ion is one of the most promising approaches to improve the performance of problem solvers. In several domains abstraction by dropping sentences of a domain description -- as used in most hierarchical planners -- has proven useful. In this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2009-09-25 R. Bergmann , W. Wilke

Abstract Visual Reasoning (AVR) comprises a wide selection of various problems similar to those used in human IQ tests. Recent years have brought dynamic progress in solving particular AVR tasks, however, in the contemporary literature AVR…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Mikołaj Małkiński , Jacek Mańdziuk

In human perception and cognition, a fundamental operation that brains perform is interpretation: constructing coherent neural states from noisy, incomplete, and intrinsically ambiguous evidence. The problem of interpretation is well…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-30 Michael Iuzzolino , Yoram Singer , Michael C. Mozer

The ability to abstract, count, and use System~2 reasoning are well-known manifestations of intelligence and understanding. In this paper, we argue, using the example of the ``Look and Say" puzzle, that although deep neural networks can…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Wlodek W. Zadrozny