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Identifying drug-target interactions is essential for developing effective therapeutics. Binding affinity quantifies these interactions, and traditional approaches rely on computationally intensive 3D structural data. In contrast, language…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-11-08 Radheesh Sharma Meda , Amir Barati Farimani

Protein-ligand modeling underpins computational drug discovery and molecular design. Existing protein-ligand benchmarks typically evaluate whether a protein and ligand interact and how strongly they bind, through tasks such as binary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zhaohan Meng , Zhen Bai , Ke Yuan , Iadh Ounis , Zaiqiao Meng , Hao Xu , Joseph Loscalzo

Prediction of protein-ligand binding affinity is a major goal in drug discovery. Generally, free energy gap is calculated between two states (e.g., ligand binding and unbinding). The energy gap implicitly includes the effects of changes in…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-05-20 Ikki Yasuda , Katsuhiro Endo , Eiji Yamamoto , Yoshinori Hirano , Kenji Yasuoka

Accurate prediction of protein-ligand binding affinity is crucial for rapid and efficient drug development. Recently, the importance of predicting binding affinity has led to increased attention on research that models the three-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Seungyeon Choi , Sangmin Seo , Sanghyun Park

Predicting the binding affinity between antigens and antibodies is fundamental to drug discovery and vaccine development. Traditional computational approaches often rely on experimentally determined 3D structures, which are scarce and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Aicha Boutorh , Soumia Bouyahiaoui , Sara Belhadj , Nour El Yakine Guendouz , Manel Kara Laouar

Applying deep learning concepts from image detection and graph theory has greatly advanced protein-ligand binding affinity prediction, a challenge with enormous ramifications for both drug discovery and protein engineering. We build upon…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-12-05 Gregory W. Kyro , Rafael I. Brent , Victor S. Batista

Predicting compound-protein affinity is critical for accelerating drug discovery. Recent progress made by machine learning focuses on accuracy but leaves much to be desired for interpretability. Through molecular contacts underlying…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2020-01-01 Mostafa Karimi , Di Wu , Zhangyang Wang , Yang Shen

Protein-ligand binding complexes are ubiquitous and essential to life. Protein-ligand binding affinity prediction (PLA) quantifies the binding strength between ligands and proteins, providing crucial insights for discovering and designing…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Krinos Li , Xianglu Xiao , Zijun Zhong , Guang Yang

The knowledge of potentially druggable binding sites on proteins is an important preliminary step towards the discovery of novel drugs. The computational prediction of such areas can be boosted by following the recent major advances in the…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-02-17 Stelios K. Mylonas , Apostolos Axenopoulos , Petros Daras

Modeling the interaction between proteins and ligands and accurately predicting their binding structures is a critical yet challenging task in drug discovery. Recent advancements in deep learning have shown promise in addressing this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Qizhi Pei , Kaiyuan Gao , Lijun Wu , Jinhua Zhu , Yingce Xia , Shufang Xie , Tao Qin , Kun He , Tie-Yan Liu , Rui Yan

Motivation: Drug discovery demands rapid quantification of compound-protein interaction (CPI). However, there is a lack of methods that can predict compound-protein affinity from sequences alone with high applicability, accuracy, and…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2020-12-17 Mostafa Karimi , Di Wu , Zhangyang Wang , Yang Shen

Designing novel proteins that bind to small molecules is a long-standing challenge in computational biology, with applications in developing catalysts, biosensors, and more. Current computational methods rely on the assumption that the…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-19 Junqi Liu , Shaoning Li , Chence Shi , Zhi Yang , Jian Tang

Predicting a ligand's bound pose to a target protein is a key component of early-stage computational drug discovery. Recent developments in machine learning methods have focused on improving pose quality at the cost of model runtime. For…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-10-23 Wojtek Treyde , Seohyun Chris Kim , Nazim Bouatta , Mohammed AlQuraishi

Predicting how a drug-like molecule binds to a specific protein target is a core problem in drug discovery. An extremely fast computational binding method would enable key applications such as fast virtual screening or drug engineering.…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-06-07 Hannes Stärk , Octavian-Eugen Ganea , Lagnajit Pattanaik , Regina Barzilay , Tommi Jaakkola

Identifying novel drug-target interactions (DTI) is a critical and rate limiting step in drug discovery. While deep learning models have been proposed to accelerate the identification process, we show that state-of-the-art models fail to…

Predicting protein-ligand binding affinity is an essential part of computer-aided drug design. However, generalisable and performant global binding affinity models remain elusive, particularly in low data regimes. Despite the evolution of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Julia Buhmann , Ward Haddadin , Lukáš Pravda , Alan Bilsland , Hagen Triendl

The trade-off between predictive accuracy and data availability makes it difficult to predict protein--protein binding affinity accurately. The lack of experimentally resolved protein structures limits the performance of structure-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Wajid Arshad Abbasi , Syed Ali Abbas , Maryum Bibi , Saiqa Andleeb , Muhammad Naveed Akhtar

The discovery of novel drug target (DT) interactions is an important step in the drug development process. The majority of computer techniques for predicting DT interactions have focused on binary classification, with the goal of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Partho Ghosh , Md. Aynal Haque

Molecular docking, a key technique in structure-based drug design, plays pivotal roles in protein-ligand interaction modeling, hit identification and optimization, in which accurate prediction of protein-ligand binding mode is essential.…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-12-20 Jintao Zhu , Zhonghui Gu , Jianfeng Pei , Luhua Lai

Motivation: Prediction of ligands for proteins of known 3D structure is important to understand structure-function relationship, predict molecular function, or design new drugs. Results: We explore a new approach for ligand prediction in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2009-07-10 Brice Hoffmann , Mikhail Zaslavskiy , Jean-Philippe Vert , Véronique Stoven