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We propose a new method to define anomaly scores and apply this to particle physics collider events. Anomalies can be either rare, meaning that these events are a minority in the normal dataset, or different, meaning they have values that…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-03-09 Sascha Caron , Luc Hendriks , Rob Verheyen

We propose a novel Conditional Latent space Variational Autoencoder (CL-VAE) to perform improved pre-processing for anomaly detection on data with known inlier classes and unknown outlier classes. This proposed variational autoencoder (VAE)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Oskar Åström , Alexandros Sopasakis

Anomaly detection has many applications ranging from bank-fraud detection and cyber-threat detection to equipment maintenance and health monitoring. However, choosing a suitable algorithm for a given application remains a challenging design…

Hacking and false data injection from adversaries can threaten power grids' everyday operations and cause significant economic loss. Anomaly detection in power grids aims to detect and discriminate anomalies caused by cyber attacks against…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Xijuan Sun , Di Wu , Arnaud Zinflou , Benoit Boulet

In the past two decades, most research on anomaly detection has focused on improving the accuracy of the detection, while largely ignoring the explainability of the corresponding methods and thus leaving the explanation of outcomes to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Zhong Li , Yuxuan Zhu , Matthijs van Leeuwen

This systematic review focuses on anomaly detection for connected and autonomous vehicles. The initial database search identified 2160 articles, of which 203 were included in this review after rigorous screening and assessment. This study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 J. R. V. Solaas , N. Tuptuk , E. Mariconti

The proliferation of IoT devices has significantly increased network vulnerabilities, creating an urgent need for effective Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS). Machine Learning-based IDS (ML-IDS) offer advanced detection capabilities but…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Elvin Li , Zhengli Shang , Onat Gungor , Tajana Rosing

This study presents an adversarial method for anomaly detection in real-world applications, leveraging the power of generative adversarial neural networks (GANs) through cycle consistency in reconstruction error. Previous methods suffer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Zahra Dehghanian , Saeed Saravani , Maryam Amirmazlaghani , Mohammad Rahmati

Machine learning offers potential solutions to current issues in industrial systems in areas such as quality control and predictive maintenance, but also faces unique barriers in industrial applications. An ongoing challenge is extreme…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Lesley Wheat , Martin v. Mohrenschildt , Saeid Habibi

With their widespread popularity, web services have become the main targets of various cyberattacks. Existing traffic anomaly detection approaches focus on flow-level attacks, yet fail to recognize behavior-level attacks, which appear…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Zhibo Dong , Yong Huang , Shubao Sun , Wentao Cui , Zhihua Wang

Anomaly detection has been considered under several extents of prior knowledge. Unsupervised methods do not require any labelled data, whereas semi-supervised methods leverage some known anomalies. Inspired by mixture-of-experts models and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 J. -P. Schulze , P. Sperl , K. Böttinger

Inspired by recent advances in coverage-guided analysis of neural networks, we propose a novel anomaly detection method. We show that the hidden activation values contain information useful to distinguish between normal and anomalous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-25 Philip Sperl , Jan-Philipp Schulze , Konstantin Böttinger

We can often verify the correctness of neural network outputs using ground truth labels, but we cannot reliably determine whether the output was produced by normal or anomalous internal mechanisms. Mechanistic anomaly detection (MAD) aims…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Hugo Lyons Keenan , Christopher Leckie , Sarah Erfani

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) present a considerable challenge to cybersecurity due to their stealthy, long-duration nature. Traditional supervised learning methods typically require large amounts of labeled data, which is often scarce…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Sidahmed Benabderrahmane , Talal Rahwan

Anomaly detection aims at identifying unexpected fluctuations in the expected behavior of a given system. It is acknowledged as a reliable answer to the identification of zero-day attacks to such extent, several ML algorithms that suit for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Tommaso Zoppi , Andrea ceccarelli , Tommaso Capecchi , Andrea Bondavalli

Anomaly event detection is crucial for critical infrastructure security(transportation system, social-ecological sector, insurance service, government sector etc.) due to its ability to reveal and address the potential cyber-threats in…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Yipeng Ji , Jingyi Wang , Shaoning Li , Yangyang Li , Shenwen Lin , Xiong Li

We propose the Autoencoding Binary Classifiers (ABC), a novel supervised anomaly detector based on the Autoencoder (AE). There are two main approaches in anomaly detection: supervised and unsupervised. The supervised approach accurately…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-03-27 Yuki Yamanaka , Tomoharu Iwata , Hiroshi Takahashi , Masanori Yamada , Sekitoshi Kanai

The detection of anomalies is essential mining task for the security and reliability in computer systems. Logs are a common and major data source for anomaly detection methods in almost every computer system. They collect a range of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-24 Sasho Nedelkoski , Jasmin Bogatinovski , Alexander Acker , Jorge Cardoso , Odej Kao

Anomaly detection plays an important role in modern data-driven security applications, such as detecting suspicious access to a socket from a process. In many cases, such events can be described as a collection of categorical values that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-08-29 Ting Chen , Lu-An Tang , Yizhou Sun , Zhengzhang Chen , Kai Zhang

Anomalies are cases that are in some way unusual and do not appear to fit the general patterns present in the dataset. Several conceptualizations exist to distinguish between different types of anomalies. However, these are either too…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Ralph Foorthuis