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Deep neural network (DNN) as a popular machine learning model is found to be vulnerable to adversarial attack. This attack constructs adversarial examples by adding small perturbations to the raw input, while appearing unmodified to human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-14 Pengcheng Li , Jinfeng Yi , Lijun Zhang

Adversarial black-box attacks aim to craft adversarial perturbations by querying input-output pairs of machine learning models. They are widely used to evaluate the robustness of pre-trained models. However, black-box attacks often suffer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Lu Wang , Huan Zhang , Jinfeng Yi , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Yuan Jiang

We propose a simple and highly query-efficient black-box adversarial attack named SWITCH, which has a state-of-the-art performance in the score-based setting. SWITCH features a highly efficient and effective utilization of the gradient of a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Chen Ma , Shuyu Cheng , Li Chen , Jun Zhu , Junhai Yong

Note that this paper is superceded by "Black-Box Adversarial Attacks with Limited Queries and Information." Current neural network-based image classifiers are susceptible to adversarial examples, even in the black-box setting, where the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-04-09 Andrew Ilyas , Logan Engstrom , Anish Athalye , Jessy Lin

Deep learning models are used in safety-critical tasks such as automated driving and face recognition. However, small perturbations in the model input can significantly change the predictions. Adversarial attacks are used to identify small…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Issa Oe , Keiichiro Yamamura , Hiroki Ishikura , Ryo Hamahira , Katsuki Fujisawa

Black-box attack methods aim to infer suitable attack patterns to targeted DNN models by only using output feedback of the models and the corresponding input queries. However, due to lack of prior and inefficiency in leveraging the query…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Jiawei Du , Hu Zhang , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Yi Yang , Jiashi Feng

The score-based query attacks (SQAs) pose practical threats to deep neural networks by crafting adversarial perturbations within dozens of queries, only using the model's output scores. Nonetheless, we note that if the loss trend of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Sizhe Chen , Zhehao Huang , Qinghua Tao , Yingwen Wu , Cihang Xie , Xiaolin Huang

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples, even in the black-box setting where the attacker is only accessible to the model output. Recent studies have devised effective black-box attacks with high query efficiency.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Zeyu Dai , Shengcai Liu , Ke Tang , Qing Li

A growing body of work has shown that deep neural networks are susceptible to adversarial examples. These take the form of small perturbations applied to the model's input which lead to incorrect predictions. Unfortunately, most literature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Loris Giulivi , Malhar Jere , Loris Rossi , Farinaz Koushanfar , Gabriela Ciocarlie , Briland Hitaj , Giacomo Boracchi

Adversarial robustness in structured data remains an underexplored frontier compared to vision and language domains. In this work, we introduce a novel black-box, decision-based adversarial attack tailored for tabular data. Our approach…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Roie Kazoom , Yuval Ratzabi , Etamar Rothstein , Ofer Hadar

By adding human-imperceptible noise to clean images, the resultant adversarial examples can fool other unknown models. Features of a pixel extracted by deep neural networks (DNNs) are influenced by its surrounding regions, and different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-03 Lianli Gao , Qilong Zhang , Jingkuan Song , Xianglong Liu , Heng Tao Shen

We study the query-based attack against image retrieval to evaluate its robustness against adversarial examples under the black-box setting, where the adversary only has query access to the top-k ranked unlabeled images from the database.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Xiaodan Li , Jinfeng Li , Yuefeng Chen , Shaokai Ye , Yuan He , Shuhui Wang , Hang Su , Hui Xue

Depending on how much information an adversary can access to, adversarial attacks can be classified as white-box attack and black-box attack. For white-box attack, optimization-based attack algorithms such as projected gradient descent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Jinghui Chen , Dongruo Zhou , Jinfeng Yi , Quanquan Gu

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance in many tasks but have shown extreme vulnerabilities to attacks generated by adversarial examples. Many works go with a white-box attack that assumes total access to the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-10 Phoenix Williams , Ke Li

Developing techniques for adversarial attack and defense is an important research field for establishing reliable machine learning and its applications. Many existing methods employ Gaussian random variables for exploring the data space to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-12 Vignesh Srinivasan , Ercan E. Kuruoglu , Klaus-Robert Müller , Wojciech Samek , Shinichi Nakajima

We propose an intriguingly simple method for the construction of adversarial images in the black-box setting. In constrast to the white-box scenario, constructing black-box adversarial images has the additional constraint on query budget,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-16 Chuan Guo , Jacob R. Gardner , Yurong You , Andrew Gordon Wilson , Kilian Q. Weinberger

Object detection has been widely used in many safety-critical tasks, such as autonomous driving. However, its vulnerability to adversarial examples has not been sufficiently studied, especially under the practical scenario of black-box…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Siyuan Liang , Baoyuan Wu , Yanbo Fan , Xingxing Wei , Xiaochun Cao

We study the problem of attacking a machine learning model in the hard-label black-box setting, where no model information is revealed except that the attacker can make queries to probe the corresponding hard-label decisions. This is a very…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-13 Minhao Cheng , Thong Le , Pin-Yu Chen , Jinfeng Yi , Huan Zhang , Cho-Jui Hsieh

Traditional decision-based black-box adversarial attacks on image classifiers aim to generate adversarial examples by slightly modifying input images while keeping the number of queries low, where each query involves sending an input to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Mahdi Salmani , Alireza Abdollahpoorrostam , Seyed-Mohsen Moosavi-Dezfooli

This work investigates efficient score-based black-box adversarial attacks that achieve a high Attack Success Rate (ASR) and good generalization ability. We propose a novel attack framework, termed DifAttack++, which operates in a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Jun Liu , Jiantao Zhou , Jiandian Zeng , Jinyu Tian , Isao Echizen