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The Page-Wootters formalism is a proposal for reconciling the background-dependent, quantum-mechanical notion of time with the background independence of general relativity. However, the physical meaning of this framework remains debated.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-05 Ladina Hausmann , Alexander Schmidhuber , Esteban Castro-Ruiz

Despite its importance in general relativity, a quantum notion of general covariance has not yet been established in quantum gravity and cosmology, where, given the a priori absence of coordinates, it is necessary to replace classical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-07-16 Philipp A Hoehn

This book is an attempt to build a consistent relativistic quantum theory of interacting particles. In the first part of the book "Quantum electrodynamics" we follow rather traditional approach to particle physics. Our discussion proceeds…

General Physics · Physics 2016-03-15 Eugene V. Stefanovich

Every clock is a physical system and thereby ultimately quantum. A naturally arising question is how to describe time evolution relative to quantum clocks and, specifically, how the dynamics relative to different quantum clocks are related.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-01-05 Philipp A Hoehn , Augustin Vanrietvelde

A new formulation of relativistic quantum mechanics is proposed in the framework of the rest-frame instant form of dynamics with its instantaneous Wigner 3-spaces and with its description of the particle world-lines by means of derived…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-05-13 David Alba , Horace Crater , Luca Lusanna

I approach the Problem of Time and other foundations of Quantum Cosmology using a combined histories, timeless and semiclassical approach. This approach is along the lines pursued by Halliwell. It involves the timeless probabilities for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-04 Edward Anderson

We have previously presented a version of the Weak Equivalence Principle for a quantum particle as an exact analog of the classical case, based on the Heisenberg picture analysis of free particle motion. Here, we take that to a full…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-17 Otto C. W. Kong

We discuss the construction of relational observables in time-reparametrization invariant quantum mechanics and we argue that their physical interpretation can be understood in terms of conditional probabilities, which are defined from the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-01-21 Leonardo Chataignier

We treat space and time as bona fide quantum degrees of freedom on an equal footing in Hilbert space. Motivated by considerations in quantum gravity, we focus on a paradigm dealing with linear, first-order Hamiltonian and momentum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-19 Ashmeet Singh

A formulation of non-relativistic quantum mechanics in terms of Newtonian particles is presented in the shape of a set of three postulates. In this new theory, quantum systems are described by ensembles of signed particles which behave as…

General Physics · Physics 2015-09-23 Jean Michel Sellier

Quantum walks are not only algorithmic tools for quantum computation but also not trivial models which describe various physical processes. The paper compares one-dimensional version of the free particle Dirac equation with discrete time…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Pawel Kurzynski

The formulation of a consistent measurement theory for relativistic quantum fields has become a problem of growing foundational and practical significance. Standard non-relativistic measurement models fail to incorporate the essential…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Nadia Koliopoulou , Charis Anastopoulos , Ntina Savvidou

We use the Relational Blockworld (RBW) interpretation of quantum mechanics to resolve the foundational problems therein. As predicted by Smolin, the resolution of these problems is not independent of the problem of unification and the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 W. M. Stuckey , Michael Silberstein

The article formulates the classical three-body problem in conformal-Euclidean space (Riemannian manifold), and its equivalence to the Newton three-body problem is mathematically rigorously proved. It is shown that a curved space with a…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2020-08-04 Ashot Gevorkyan

The relativistic conception of space and time is challenged by the quantum nature of physical observables. It has been known for a long time that Poincar\'e symmetry of field theory can be extended to the larger conformal symmetry. We use…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-02-27 Marc-Thierry Jaekel , Serge Reynaud

In this work we present a discussion of the existing links between the procedures of endowing the quantum gravity with a real time and of including in the theory a physical reference frame. More precisely, as first step, we develop the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Simone Mercuri , Giovanni Montani

A method of quantizing parametrized systems is developed that is based on a kind of ``gauge invariant'' quantities---the so-called perennials (a perennial must also be an ``integral of motion''). The problem of time in its particular form…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-22 P. Hajicek

Because of the non-locality of quantum entanglement, realist approaches to completing quantum mechanics have implications for our conception of space. Quantum gravity also is expected to predict phenomena in which the locality of classical…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2018-06-01 Lee Smolin

We investigate the problem of classical big bang singularity in a plane-symmetric Bianchi type-I universe within the Wheeler-DeWitt (WDW) framework of quantum gravity. To address the problem of time, we employ the Page-Wootters formalism,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-08 Vishal , Malay K. Nandy

The Problem of Time in Quantum Gravity is analyzed from a classical presymplectic perspective. In the first part of the paper the Three Space Approach to General Relativity is introduced via the Barbour-Foster-\'O Murchadha action and the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-01-01 Vasudev Shyam , B. S. Ramachandra