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We present a new protocol and two lower bounds for quantum coin flipping. In our protocol, no dishonest party can achieve one outcome with probability more than 0.75. Then, we show that our protocol is optimal for a certain type of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-05-12 Andris Ambainis

We present a family of loss-tolerant quantum strong coin flipping protocols; each protocol differing in the number of qubits employed. For a single qubit we obtain a bias of 0.4, reproducing the result of Berl\'{i}n et al. [Phys. Rev. A 80,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-12-24 N. Aharon , S. Massar , J. Silman

A coin is just a two sided dice. Recently, Mochon proved that quantum weak coin flipping with an arbitrarily small bias is possible. However, the use of quantum resources to allow N remote distrustful parties to roll an N-sided dice has yet…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-08-20 N. Aharon , J. Silman

So far, most of existed single-shot quantum coin flipping(QCF) protocols failed in a noisy quantum channel. Here, we present a nested-structured framework that makes it possible to achieve partially noise-tolerant QCF, due to that there is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-19 Sheng Zhang , Yuexin Zhang

In this paper, we present a quantum strong coin flipping protocol. In this protocol, an EPR pair and a quantum memory storage are made use of, and losses in the quantum communication channel and quantum memory storage are all analyzed. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-19 Jia-Jun Ma , Fen-Zhuo Guo , Qian Yang , Yan-Bing Li , Qiao-Yan Wen

Bit commitment is a fundamental cryptographic primitive with numerous applications. Quantum information allows for bit commitment schemes in the information theoretic setting where no dishonest party can perfectly cheat. The previously…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-02-09 André Chailloux , Iordanis Kerenidis

Performing complex cryptographic tasks will be an essential element in future quantum communication networks. These tasks are based on a handful of fundamental primitives, such as coin flipping, where two distrustful parties wish to agree…

While in classical cryptography, one-way functions (OWFs) are widely regarded as the "minimal assumption," the situation in quantum cryptography is less clear. Recent works have put forward two concurrent candidates for the minimal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-27 Amit Behera , Giulio Malavolta , Tomoyuki Morimae , Tamer Mour , Takashi Yamakawa

After a general introduction, the thesis is divided into four parts. In the first, we discuss the task of coin tossing, principally in order to highlight the effect different physical theories have on security in a straightforward manner,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-02 Roger Colbeck

Quantum protocols for coin-flipping can be composed in series in such a way that a cheating party gains no extra advantage from using entanglement between different rounds. This composition principle applies to coin-flipping protocols with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Carlos Mochon

Alice is a charismatic quantum cryptographer who believes her parties are unmissable; Bob is a (relatively) glamorous string theorist who believes he is an indispensable guest. To prevent possibly traumatic collisions of self-perception and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Roger Colbeck , Adrian Kent

Coin flipping is a cryptographic primitive for which strictly better protocols exist if the players are not only allowed to exchange classical, but also quantum messages. During the past few years, several results have appeared which give a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-04-27 Esther Hänggi , Jürg Wullschleger

Oblivious transfer is a fundamental primitive in cryptography. While perfect information theoretic security is impossible, quantum oblivious transfer protocols can limit the dishonest players' cheating. Finding the optimal security…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-24 André Chailloux , Iordanis Kerenidis , Jamie Sikora

Lo and Chau showed that an ideal quantum coin flipping protocol is impossible. The proof was simply derived from the impossibility proof of quantum bit commitment. However, the proof still leaves the possibility of a quantum coin flipping…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Yuki Tokunaga

In coin tossing two remote participants want to share a uniformly distributed random bit. At the least in the quantum version, each participant test whether or not the other has attempted to create a bias on this bit. It is requested that,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-28 Dominic Mayers , Louis Salvail , Yoshie Chiba-Kohno

In this paper, we present a loss-tolerant quantum strong coin flipping protocol with bias 0.359. This is an improvement over Berlin etal's protocol [BBBG08] which achieves a bias of 0.4. To achieve this, we extend Berlin et al.'s protocol…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-15 André Chailloux

We show that the existence of a coin-flipping protocol safe against \emph{any} non-trivial constant bias (\eg $.499$) implies the existence of one-way functions. This improves upon a recent result of Haitner and Omri [FOCS '11], who proved…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-05 Itay Berman , Iftach Haitner , Aris Tentes

A two-party coin-flipping protocol is $\epsilon$-fair if no efficient adversary can bias the output of the honest party (who always outputs a bit, even if the other party aborts) by more than $\epsilon$. Cleve [STOC '86] showed that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Iftach Haitner , Nikolaos Makriyannis , Eran Omri

In this paper, we present a semi-loss-tolerant strong quantum coin-flipping (QCF) protocol with the best bias of 0.3536. Our manuscript applies Quantum non-demolition (QND) measurement to quantum coin-flipping protocol. Furthermore, a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-03-21 Qian Yang , Jia-Jun Ma , Fen-Zhuo Guo , Qiao-Yan Wen

In classical cryptography, one-way functions (OWFs) are the minimal assumption, while it is not the case in quantum cryptography. Several new primitives have been introduced such as pseudorandom state generators (PRSGs), one-way state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Taiga Hiroka , Tomoyuki Morimae