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Planning locomotion trajectories for legged microrobots is challenging because of their complex morphology, high frequency passive dynamics, and discontinuous contact interactions with their environment. Consequently, such research is often…

Wheeled bipedal robots have garnered increasing attention in exploration and inspection. However, most research simplifies calculations by ignoring leg dynamics, thereby restricting the robot's full motion potential. Additionally, robots…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Cong Wen , Yunfei Li , Kexin Liu , Yixin Qiu , Xuanhong Liao , Tianyu Wang , Dingchuan Liu , Tao Zhang , Ximin Lyu

This paper systematically decomposes a quadrupedal robot into bipeds to rapidly generate walking gaits and then recomposes these gaits to obtain quadrupedal locomotion. We begin by decomposing the full-order, nonlinear and hybrid dynamics…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-03-23 Wen-Loong Ma , Aaron D Ames

We present a model predictive controller (MPC) that automatically discovers collision-free locomotion while simultaneously taking into account the system dynamics, friction constraints, and kinematic limitations. A relaxed barrier function…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Magnus Gaertner , Marko Bjelonic , Farbod Farshidian , Marco Hutter

Quadruped robots are often designed with rigid feet to simplify control and maintain stable contact during locomotion. While this approach is straightforward, it limits the ability of the legs to absorb impact forces and reuse stored…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Pramod Pal , Shishir Kolathaya , Ashitava Ghosal

Push recovery during locomotion will facilitate the deployment of humanoid robots in human-centered environments. In this paper, we present a unified framework for walking control and push recovery for humanoid robots, leveraging the arms…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Lizhi Yang , Blake Werner , Adrian B. Ghansah , Aaron D. Ames

While quadruped robots usually have good stability and load capacity, bipedal robots offer a higher level of flexibility / adaptability to different tasks and environments. A multi-modal legged robot can take the best of both worlds. In…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-02-25 Chen Yu , Andre Rosendo

We present an open-source untethered quadrupedal soft robot platform for dynamic locomotion (e.g., high-speed running and backflipping). The robot is mostly soft (80 vol.%) while driven by four geared servo motors. The robot's soft body and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Boxi Xia , Jiaming Fu , Hongbo Zhu , Zhicheng Song , Yibo Jiang , Hod Lipson

A common architecture for torque controlled humanoid robots consists in two nested loops. The outer loop generates desired joint/motor torques, and the inner loop stabilises these desired values. In doing so, the inner loop usually…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-08-06 Gabriele Nava , Diego Ferigo , Daniele Pucci

This paper proposes a fully decentralized model predictive control (MPC) framework with control barrier function (CBF) constraints for safety-critical trajectory planning in multi-robot legged systems. The incorporation of CBF constraints…

Legged robot research is presently focused on bipedal or quadrupedal robots, despite capabilities to build robots with many more legs to potentially improve locomotion performance. This imbalance is not necessarily due to hardware…

Legged locomotion shows promise for running in complex, unstructured environments. Designing such legged robots requires considering heterogeneous, multi-domain constraints and variables, from mechanical hardware and geometry choices to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Reed Truax , Feng Liu , Souma Chowdhury , Ryan St. Pierre

Deep reinforcement learning has emerged as a popular and powerful way to develop locomotion controllers for quadruped robots. Common approaches have largely focused on learning actions directly in joint space, or learning to modify and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Guillaume Bellegarda , Yiyu Chen , Zhuochen Liu , Quan Nguyen

Robust humanoid locomotion in unstructured environments requires architectures that balance fast low-level stabilization with slower perceptual decision-making. We show that a simple layered control architecture (LCA), a proprioceptive…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Blake Werner , Lizhi Yang , Aaron D. Ames

We introduce HCLM, a hierarchical framework for general-purpose cooperative loco-manipulation with dual quadrupedal systems. Coordinating multi-robot collaborative manipulation across floating bases is highly challenging due to the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Qixuan Li , Chen Le , Jincheng Yu , Xinlei Chen

Safe navigation in real-time is an essential task for humanoid robots in real-world deployment. Since humanoid robots are inherently underactuated thanks to unilateral ground contacts, a path is considered safe if it is obstacle-free and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Chengyang Peng , Victor Paredes , Guillermo A. Castillo , Ayonga Hereid

Quadratic Programs (QPs) are widely used in the control of walking robots, especially in Model Predictive Control (MPC) and Whole-Body Control (WBC). In both cases, the controller design requires the formulation of a QP and the selection of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Franek Stark , Jakob Middelberg , Dennis Mronga , Shubham Vyas , Frank Kirchner

A safety-critical measure of legged locomotion performance is a robot's ability to track its desired time-varying position trajectory in an environment, which is herein termed as "global-position tracking". This paper introduces a nonlinear…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Yan Gu , Yuan Gao , Bin Yao , C. S. George Lee

Developments for 3D control of the center of mass (CoM) of biped robots are currently located in two local minima: on the one hand, methods that allow CoM height variations but only work in the 2D sagittal plane; on the other hand,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-02-28 Stéphane Caron , Bastien Mallein

This paper aims to develop distributed feedback control algorithms that allow cooperative locomotion of quadrupedal robots which are coupled to each other by holonomic constraints. These constraints can arise from collaborative manipulation…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-10-03 Kaveh Akbari Hamed , Vinay R. Kamidi , Abhishek Pandala , Wen-Loong Ma , Aaron D. Ames