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We survey the basic principles of atmospheric dynamics relevant to explaining existing and future observations of exoplanets, both gas giant and terrestrial. Given the paucity of data on exoplanet atmospheres, our approach is to emphasize…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-18 Adam P. Showman , James Y-K. Cho , Kristen Menou

In this work, we introduce two novel reformulations of a recent weakly hyperbolic model for two-phase flow with surface tension. In the model, the tracking of phase boundaries is achieved by using a vector interface field, rather than a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-02-03 Simone Chiocchetti , Ilya Peshkov , Sergey Gavrilyuk , Michael Dumbser

Rocky planets hosted by close-in extrasolar systems are likely to be tidally locked in 1:1 spin-orbit resonance, a configuration where they exhibit permanent dayside and nightside. Because of the resulting day-night temperature gradient,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-20 Pierre Auclair-Desrotour , Russell Deitrick , Kevin Heng

Planetary Climate Models (PCMs) are developed to explore planetary climates other than the Earth. Therefore, the methods implemented need to be suitable for a large diversity of conditions. Every planet with a significant atmosphere has…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-04-05 João M. Mendonça

This paper describes the Habitable Energy balance model for eXoplaneT ObseRvations (HEXTOR), which is a model for calculating latitudinal temperature profiles on Earth and other rapidly rotating planets. HEXTOR includes a lookup table…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-07 Jacob Haqq-Misra , Benjamin P. C. Hayworth

We present \texttt{ORCHARD}, a publicly available planetary evolution code based on the gas giant evolution code, \texttt{APPLE}, capable of modeling the evolution and structures of terrestrial, super-Earth, sub-Neptune, Neptune, and gas…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-29 Roberto Tejada Arevalo , Adam Burrows , Ankan Sur , Yubo Su

Even if their detection is for now challenging, observation of small terrestrial planets will be easier in a near future thanks to continuous improvements of detection and characterisation instruments. In this quest, climate modeling is a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-12-20 G. Chaverot , E. Bolmont , M. Turbet

We present a large ensemble of simulations of an Earth-like world with increasing insolation and rotation rate. Unlike previous work utilizing idealized aquaplanet configurations we focus our simulations on modern Earth-like topography. The…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-12-12 M. J. Way , A. D. Del Genio , I. Aleinov , T. L. Clune , M. Kelley , N. Y. Kiang

The primary scientific objective of this Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) Science Case Development Document (SCDD) is to measure planetary rotation rates of transiting exoplanets to determine the structure, composition, circulation, and…

What makes the study of exoplanetary atmospheres so hard is the extraction of its tiny signal from observations, usually dominated by telluric absorption, stellar spectrum and instrumental noise. The High Resolution Spectroscopy has emerged…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-14 M. C. Maimone , A. Chiavassa , J. Leconte

We present a three dimensional hot Jupiter model, extending from 200 bar to 1 mbar, using the Intermediate General Circulation Model from the University of Reading. Our horizontal spectral resolution is T31 (equivalent to a grid of 48x96),…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 Emily Rauscher , Kristen Menou

Recently, meshless methods have become popular in numerically solving partial differential equations and have been employed to solve equations governing fluid flows, heat transfer, and species transport. In the present study, a numerical…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-04-18 Akash Unnikrishnan , Vinod Narayanan , Surya Pratap Vanka

Machine learning (ML)-based models have demonstrated high skill and computational efficiency, often outperforming conventional physics-based models in weather and subseasonal predictions. While prior studies have assessed their fidelity in…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-02-13 Ziming Chen , L. Ruby Leung , Wenyu Zhou , Jian Lu , Sandro W. Lubis , Ye Liu , Chuan-Chieh Chang , Bryce E. Harrop , Ya Wang , Mingshi Yang , Gan Zhang , Yun Qian

We present heyoka, a new, modern and general-purpose implementation of Taylor's integration method for the numerical solution of ordinary differential equations. Detailed numerical tests focused on difficult high-precision gravitational…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-04 Francesco Biscani , Dario Izzo

The energetics of possible global atmospheric circulation patterns in an Earth-like atmosphere are explored using a simplified GCM based on the University of Hamburg's Portable University Model for the Atmosphere. Results from a series of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-06-19 Peter Read , Fachreddin Tabataba-Vakili , Yixiong Wang , Pierre Augier , Erik Lindborg , Alexandru Valeanu , Roland Young

More than two dozen short-period Jupiter-mass gas giant planets have been discovered around nearby solar-type stars in recent years, several of which undergo transits, making them ideal for the detection and characterization of their…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Ian Dobbs-Dixon , D. N. C. Lin

Using an idealised general circulation model, we investigate the atmospheric circulation of Earth-like terrestrial planets in a variety of orbital configurations. We relax the common assumption of the planet being tidally-locked, and look…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-12-12 James Penn , Geoffrey K Vallis

A High-performance Atmospheric Radiation Package (HARP) is developed for studying multiple-scattering planetary atmospheres. HARP is an open-source program written in C++ that utilizes high-level data structure and parallel-computing…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-06-08 Cheng Li , Tianhao Le , Xi Zhang , Yuk L. Yung

In the quest to understand the climates and atmospheres of exoplanets, 3D global climate models (GCMs) have become indispensable. The ability of GCMs to predict atmospheric conditions complements exoplanet observations, creating a feedback…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-15 Thomas J. Fauchez , Geronimo L. Villanueva , Vincent Kofman , Gabriella Suissa , Ravi K. Kopparapu

The Cassini mission unveiled the intense and diverse activity in Saturn's atmosphere: banded jets, waves, vortices, equatorial oscillations. To set the path towards a better understanding of those phenomena, we performed high-resolution…