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Heat engines extract work by running cyclically between two heat reservoirs. When the two reservoirs are thermal and at different temperatures, the maximum efficiency of the engine is given by the Carnot limit. Here we consider a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-02-03 Johannes Roßnagel , Obinna Abah , Ferdinand Schmidt-Kaler , Kilian Singer , Eric Lutz

A genuine feature of projective quantum measurements is that they inevitably alter the mean energy of the observed system if the measured quantity does not commute with the Hamiltonian. Compared to the classical case, Jacobs proved that…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-10 Kay Brandner , Michael Bauer , Michael T. Schmid , Udo Seifert

This document explores the potential of quantum computing in Thermal Science. Conceived as a living document, it will be continuously updated with experimental findings and insights for the research community in Thermal Science. By…

A central building block of a heat engine is the working fluid, which mediates the conversion of heat into work. In nanoscale heat engines, the working fluid can be a quantum system whose behavior and dynamics are non-classical. A…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-29 Riya Baruah , Pedro Portugal , Jun-Zhe Chen , Joachim Wabnig , Christian Flindt

In the task of unitarily cooling a quantum system with access to a larger quantum system, known as the machine or reservoir, how does the structure of the machine impact an agent's ability to cool and the complexity of their cooling…

Given a quantum heat engine that operates in a cycle that reaches maximal efficiency for a time-dependent Hamiltonian H(t) of the working substance, with overall controllable driving H(t) = g(t) H, we study the deviation of the efficiency…

Achieving the Carnot efficiency at finite power is a challenging problem in heat engines due to the trade-off relation between efficiency and power that holds for general heat engines. It is pointed out that the Carnot efficiency at finite…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-03-03 Kosuke Miura , Yuki Izumida , Koji Okuda

The recent advances in the study of thermodynamics of microscopic processes have driven the search for new developments in energy converters utilizing quantum effects. We here propose a universal framework to describe the thermodynamics of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-05 Zhiyuan Lin , Shanhe Su , Jingyi Chen , Jincan Chen , Jonas F. G. Santos

We identify that quantum coherence is a valuable resource in the quantum heat engine, which is designed in a quantum thermodynamic cycle assisted by a quantum Maxwell's demon. This demon is in a superposed state. The quantum work and heat…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-09 Yun-Hao Shi , Hai-Long Shi , Xiao-Hui Wang , Ming-Liang Hu , Si-Yuan Liu , Wen-Li Yang , Heng Fan

The quantum heat engines have drawn much attention due to miniaturization of devices recently. We study the dynamics of the quantum Otto heat engine using the driven-dissipative Schr\"{o}dinger equation. Starting from different initial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-25 You-wei Fang , Yu-ting Zheng , Jun Chang

Heat engines usually operate by exchanging heat with thermal baths at different (positive) temperatures. Nonthermal baths may, however, lead to a significant performance boost. We here experimentally analyze the power output of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-20 Jens Nettersheim , Sabrina Burgardt , Quentin Bouton , Daniel Adam , Eric Lutz , Artur Widera

We study the effect of Kerr nonlinearity in quantum thermal machines having a Kerr-nonlinear oscillator as working substance and operating under the ideal quantum Otto cycle. We first investigate the efficiency of a Kerr-nonlinear heat…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-27 Udson C. Mendes , José S. Sales , Norton G. de Almeida

We study a driven harmonic oscillator operating an Otto cycle between two thermal baths of finite size. By making extensive use of the tools of Gaussian quantum mechanics, we directly simulate the dynamics of the engine as a whole, without…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-19 Alejandro Pozas-Kerstjens , Eric G. Brown , Karen V. Hovhannisyan

Quantum thermodynamics allows for the interconversion of quantum coherence and mechanical work. Quantum coherence is thus a potential physical resource for quantum machines. However, formulating a general nonequilibrium thermodynamics of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-05 Franklin L. S. Rodrigues , Eric Lutz

Heat engines convert thermal energy into mechanical work both in the classical and quantum regimes. However, quantum theory offers genuine nonclassical forms of energy, different from heat, which so far have not been exploited in cyclic…

We study the optimization of the performance of arbitrary periodically driven thermal machines. Within the assumption of fast modulation of the driving parameters, we derive the optimal cycle that universally maximizes the extracted power…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-04 Vasco Cavina , Paolo A. Erdman , Paolo Abiuso , Leonardo Tolomeo , Vittorio Giovannetti

We consider measurement based single temperature quantum heat engine without feedback control, introduced recently by Yi, Talkner and Kim [Phys. Rev. E 96, 022108 (2017)]. Taking the working medium of the engine to be a one-dimensional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-20 Arpan Das , Sibasish Ghosh

The reversible nature of thermodynamical cycles is an idealisation based on the assumption of perfect quasi-static dynamics. As a consequence of this assumption, ideal engines operate at the maximum efficiency but have zero power. Realistic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-05 A. del Campo , J. Goold , M. Paternostro

Differences between the thermodynamic behavior of the three-level amplifier (a quantum heat engine based on a thermally pumped laser) and the classical Carnot cycle are usually attributed to the essentially quantum or discrete nature of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 T. E. Humphrey , H. Linke

We studied the efficiency of two different schemes for a magnetically driven quantum heat engine, by considering as the working substance a single nonrelativistic particle trapped in a cylindrical potential well, in the presence of an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-05-14 Enrique Muñoz , Francisco J. Peña