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Observational evidence seems to indicate that the depletion of interstellar carbon into dust shows rather wide variations and that carbon undergoes rather rapid recycling in the interstellar medium (ISM). Small hydrocarbon grains are…

A sizable fraction of the heavy elements synthesized by stars in galaxies condenses into sub-micron-sized solid-state particles, known as dust grains. Dust produces a wavelength-dependent attenuation, $A_\lambda$, of the galaxy emission,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-08-19 V. Markov , S. Gallerani , A. Ferrara , A. Pallottini , E. Parlanti , F. Di Mascia , L. Sommovigo , M. Kohandel

The ratio of the mass of interstellar dust to the total mass of metals (the dust-to-metals/DTM ratio) tends to increase with metallicity. This can be explained by the increasing efficiency of grain growth in the interstellar medium (ISM) at…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-10-27 F. D. Priestley , I. De Looze , M. J. Barlow

Interstellar dust plays decisive roles in the conversion of neutral to molecular hydrogen (H_2), the thermodynamical evolution of interstellar medium (ISM), and the modification of spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of galaxies. These…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-23 Kenji Bekki

We discuss the time variation of dust-to-gas mass ratio in spiral galaxies using the multi-phase model of interstellar medium. The typical timescale of the phase change of an interstellar gas is $\sim 10^7$--$10^8$ yr in spiral galaxies.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 H. Hirashita

Dust offers a unique probe of the interstellar medium (ISM) across multiple size, density, and temperature scales. Dust is detected in outflows of evolved stars, star-forming molecular clouds, planet-forming disks, and even in galaxies at…

We develop a dust efflux model of radiation pressure acting on dust grains which successfully reproduces the relation between stellar mass, dust opacity and star formation rate observed in local star-forming galaxies. The dust content of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 H. Jabran Zahid , Paul Torrey , Rolf Kudritzki , Lisa Kewley , Romeel Dave , Margaret Geller

We use deep Herschel PACS and SPIRE observations in GOODSS, GOODSN and COSMOS to estimate the average dust mass (Mdust) of galaxies on a redshift-stellar mass (Mstar)-SFR grid. We study the scaling relations between Mdust, Mstar and SFR at…

Most galaxy evolution simulations as well as a variety of observational methods assume a linear scaling between the (galaxy-averaged) dust-to-gas ratio D and metallicity Z of the interstellar medium (ISM). Indeed, nearby galaxies with solar…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-23 Robert Feldmann

In order to investigate the nature and origin of dust in elliptical galaxies, a method for the dust mass evaluation, which accounts for the dust temperature distribution, is here presented and discussed. The derived dust masses turn out to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 P. Merluzzi

We develop a 3D dynamical model of dust outflows from galactic discs. The outflows are initiated by multiple SN explosions in a magnetized interstellar medium (ISM) with a gravitationally stratified density distribution. Dust grains are…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2014-03-28 S. A. Khoperskov , Yu. A. Shchekinov

We estimate how the mean density of dust in the universe varies with redshift, using submillimetre continuum observations and a method designed to minimise the effect of dust temperature. We have used the Herschel-ATLAS to show that the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-02-09 Stephen Eales , Bradley Ward

This paper investigates the evolution of the dust-to-metal ratio in galaxies based on a simple evolution model for the amount of metal and dust with infall. We take into account grain formation in stellar mass-loss gas, grain growth by the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Akio K. Inoue

In order to theoretically understand dust properties in the circum-galactic medium (CGM), we construct a dust evolution model that incorporates the evolution of grain size distribution. We treat each of the galaxy and the CGM as a one-zone…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-05-02 Hiroyuki Hirashita

Interstellar space is filled with a dilute mixture of charged particles, atoms, molecules and dust grains, called the interstellar medium (ISM). Understanding its physical properties and dynamical behavior is of pivotal importance to many…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2014-12-18 Ralf S. Klessen , Simon C. O. Glover

Interstellar dust forms during stellar mass-loss events, occurring either during a star's giant phase or during supernova explosions. This PhD thesis provides an in-depth investigation into the theory of dust condensation and growth,…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-02 C. Dominik

Motivated by recent observations suggesting that core-collapse supernovae may on average produce ~0.3 M_sun of dust, we explore a simple dust production scenario which applies to star-forming galaxies in the local environment (the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-11-28 Christa Gall , Jens Hjorth

We present the first large-scale, high-resolution simulations of dusty, star formation feedback-driven galactic outflows. Using the Cholla hydrodynamics code, we investigate dust sputtering in these environments for grains ranging in size…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-03-09 Helena M. Richie , Evan E. Schneider

We present the first results of a detailed modeling of chemical and photometric evolution of galaxies including the effects of a dusty interstellar medium. A chemical evolution code follows the SF rate, the gas fraction and the metallicity,…

We have recently suggested that dust growth in the cold gas phase dominates the dust abundance in elliptical galaxies while dust is efficiently destroyed in the hot X-ray emitting plasma (hot gas). In order to understand the dust evolution…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-12-20 Hiroyuki Hirashita , Takaya Nozawa
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