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Low-Gain Avalanche Diodes are a type of silicon Avalanche Photo-Diodes originally developed for the fast detection of minimum ionizing particles in high-energy physics experiments. Thanks to their fast timing performance, the Low-Gain…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-02-07 Gabriele Giacomini , Wei Chen , Gabriele D'Amen , Enrico Rossi , Alessandro Tricoli

Highly nonclassical character of optical quantum detectors, such as single-photon detectors, is essential for preparation of quantum states of light and a vast majority of applications in quantum metrology and quantum information…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-24 Josef Hloušek , Miroslav Ježek , Jaromír Fiurášek

In this work we investigate the probabilities of detecting single- and multi-photon coherent states on InGaAs/InP sine-gated and free-run single-photon avalanche diodes. As a result, we conclude that multi-photon state detection cannot be…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) has been proved to be information-theoretically secure in theory. Unfortunately, the imperfect devices in practice compromise its security. Thus, to improve the security property of practical QKD systems, a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-14 Zhihao Wu , Anqi Huang , Huan Chen , Shi-Hai Sun , Jiangfang Ding , Xiaogang Qiang , Xiang Fu , Ping Xu , Junjie Wu

We demonstrate and characterize first superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) made from atomic layer-deposited (ALD) NbN layers. To assess the suitability of these films as a detector material, transport properties of bare…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-04-01 Emanuel Knehr , Artem Kuzmin , Mario Ziegler , Steffen Doerner , Konstantin Ilin , Michael Siegel , Ronny Stolz , Heidemarie Schmidt

Detecting non-classical light is a central requirement for photonics-based quantum technologies. Unrivaled high efficiencies and low dark counts have positioned superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) as the leading…

Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) are new and promising imaging sensors. These sensors are sensitive enough to detect individual photons hitting each pixel, with extreme temporal resolution and without readout noise. Thus, SPADs stand…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-01-21 Aleksi Suonsivu , Lauri Salmela , Leevi Uosukainen , Edoardo Peretti , Radu Ciprian Bilcu , Giacomo Boracchi

We consider the use of single-photon counting detectors in coherence-domain imaging. Detectors operated in this mode exhibit reduced noise, which leads to increased sensitivity for weak light sources and weakly reflecting samples. In…

Single photonic applications - such as quantum key distribution - rely on the transmission of single photons, and require the ultimate sensitivity that an optical detector can achieve. Single-photon detectors must convert the energy of an…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2009-11-13 C. Zinoni , B. Alloing , L. H. Li , F. Marsili , L. Lunghi , A. Gerardino , Yu. B. Vakhtomin , K. V. Smirnov , G. N. Gol'tsman , A. Fiore

To measure light emission pattern in scintillator, higher sensitivity and faster response are required to photo detector. Such as single photon avalanche diode (SPAD), conventional pixelated photo detector is operated at Geiger avalanche…

We present a method designed to efficiently extract optical signals from InGaAs avalanche photodiodes (APDs) operated in gated mode. In particular, our method permits an estimation of the fraction of counts which actually results from the…

We report the measurement of the photons flux produced in parametric down-conversion, performed in photon counting regime with actively quenched silicon avalanche photodiodes as single photon detectors. Measurements are done with the…

Optics · Physics 2009-10-31 G. Brida , M. Genovese , C. Novero

Avalanche photodiodes (APDs) are well-suited for single-photon detection on quantum communication satellites as they are a mature technology with high detection efficiency without requiring cryogenic cooling. They are, however, prone to…

Afterpulsing is one of the main technological flaws present in photon counting detectors based on solid-state semiconductor avalanche photodiodes operated in Geiger mode. Level of afterpulsing depends mainly on type of the semiconductor,…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-05-19 Mario Stipčević

We demonstrate a GHz-gated operation of resonator-coupled superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors suitable for synchronous applications. In comparison with conventional dc-biased nanowire detectors, this method prevents the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-10-01 Emanuel Knehr , Artem Kuzmin , Steffen Doerner , Stefan Wuensch , Konstantin Ilin , Heidemarie Schmidt , Michael Siegel

Further development of quantum emitter based communication and sensing applications intrinsically depends on the availability of robust single-photon detectors. Here, we demonstrate a new generation of superconducting single-photon…

It has previously been shown that the gated detectors of two commercially available quantum key distribution (QKD) systems are blindable and controllable by an eavesdropper using continuous-wave illumination and short bright trigger pulses,…

Predicting the behavior of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) is important as their use becomes more widespread in fields ranging from quantum computing to quantum remote sensing. Here, we present a vortex crossing…

Superconductivity · Physics 2025-08-15 Daien He , Leif Bauer , Sathwik Bharadwaj , Zubin Jacob

One of the key properties of single-photon detectors is their recovery time, i.e. the time required for the detector to recover its nominal efficiency. In the case of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs), which can…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-12-02 Claire Autebert , Gaëtan Gras , Emna Amri , Matthieu Perrenoud , Misael Caloz , Hugo Zbinden , Félix Bussières

Several attacks have been proposed on quantum key distribution systems with gated single-photon detectors. The attacks involve triggering the detectors outside the center of the detector gate, and/or using bright illumination to exploit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-15 Lars Lydersen , Vadim Makarov , Johannes Skaar