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Fault-tolerant, error-corrected quantum computation is commonly acknowledged to be crucial to the realisation of large-scale quantum algorithms that could lead to extremely impactful scientific or commercial results. Achieving a universal…

Robust quantum computation requires encoding delicate quantum information into degrees of freedom that are hard for the environment to change. Quantum encodings have been demonstrated in many physical systems by observing and correcting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-08 Maika Takita , Andrew W. Cross , A. D. Córcoles , Jerry M. Chow , Jay M. Gambetta

Quantum computers promise to solve problems that are intractable for classical computers, but qubits are vulnerable to many sources of error, limiting the depth of the circuits that can be reliably executed on today's quantum hardware.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-04 Daniel Honciuc Menendez , Annie Ray , Michael Vasmer

Quantum error correction is indispensable to achieving reliable quantum computation. When quantum information is encoded redundantly, a larger Hilbert space is constructed using multiple physical qubits, and the computation is performed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-29 Hoshitaro Ohnishi , Hideo Mukai

Quantum computers herald the arrival of a new era in which previously intractable computational problems will be solved efficiently. However, quantum technology is held down by decoherence, a phenomenon that is omnipresent in the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-17 Patricio Fuentes

Encoding logical quantum information in harmonic oscillator modes is a promising and hardware-efficient approach to the realization of a quantum computer. In this work, we propose to encode logical qubits in grid states of an ensemble of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-11 Baptiste Royer , Shraddha Singh , Steven M. Girvin

Fault-tolerant quantum computing will require error rates far below those achievable with physical qubits. Quantum error correction (QEC) bridges this gap, but depends on decoders being simultaneously fast, accurate, and scalable. This…

The surface code is one of the most promising candidates for combating errors in large scale fault-tolerant quantum computation. A fault-tolerant decoder is a vital part of the error correction process---it is the algorithm which computes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-15 Fern H. E. Watson , Hussain Anwar , Dan E. Browne

High-fidelity and robust quantum manipulation is the key for scalable quantum computation. Therefore, due to the intrinsic operational robustness, quantum manipulation induced by geometric phases is one of the promising candidates. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-23 Tao Chen , Pu Shen , Zheng-Yuan Xue

A central goal in quantum error correction is to reduce the overhead of fault-tolerant quantum computing by increasing noise thresholds and reducing the number of physical qubits required to sustain a logical qubit. We introduce a potential…

Qubit loss is a major source of error in quantum computation, as it invalidates the algebraic structure of the standard stabilizer formalism for quantum error-correcting codes. On the one hand, it complicates decoding; on the other hand, it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-27 Yuqing Wang , Xiaotian Nie , Jiale Dai , Zhongyi Ni , Tao Zhang , Hui Zhai , Linghui Chen

Topological stabilizer codes with different spatial dimensions have complementary properties. Here I show that the spatial dimension can be switched using gauge fixing. Combining 2D and 3D gauge color codes in a 3D qubit lattice,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-13 H. Bombin

Transversal logical gates offer the opportunity for fast and low-noise logic, particularly when interspersed by a single round of parity check measurements of the underlying code. Using such circuits for the surface code requires decoding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-23 Marc Serra-Peralta , Mackenzie H. Shaw , Barbara M. Terhal

Quantum information is very fragile to environmentally and operationally induced imperfections. Therefore, the construction of practical quantum computers requires quantum error-correction techniques to protect quantum information. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-25 Ming-Jie Liang , Tao Chen , Zheng-Yuan Xue

We outline a quantum convolutional coding technique for protecting a stream of classical bits and qubits. Our goal is to provide a framework for designing codes that approach the ``grandfather'' capacity of an entanglement-assisted quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-10-20 Mark M. Wilde , Todd A. Brun

The complexity of the error correction circuitry forces us to design quantum error correction codes capable of correcting a single error per error correction cycle. Yet, time-correlated error are common for physical implementations of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Feng Lu , Dan C. Marinescu

Quantum computation promises significant computational advantages over classical computation for some problems. However, quantum hardware suffers from much higher error rates than in classical hardware. As a result, extensive quantum error…

Quantum states are very delicate, so it is likely some sort of quantum error correction will be necessary to build reliable quantum computers. The theory of quantum error-correcting codes has some close ties to and some striking differences…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Daniel Gottesman

Atomic-scale logic and the minimization of heating (dissipation) are both very high on the agenda for future computation hardware. An approach to achieve these would be to replace networks of transistors directly by classical reversible…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-14 B. Antonio , J. Randall , W. K. Hensinger , G. W. Morley , S. Bose

We develop a classical bit-flip correction method to mitigate measurement errors on quantum computers. This method can be applied to any operator, any number of qubits, and any realistic bit-flip probability. We first demonstrate the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-02 Lena Funcke , Tobias Hartung , Karl Jansen , Stefan Kühn , Paolo Stornati , Xiaoyang Wang