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Network intrusion detection remains a critical challenge in cybersecurity. While supervised machine learning models achieve state-of-the-art performance, their reliance on large labelled datasets makes them impractical for many real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Jack Wilkie , Hanan Hindy , Christos Tachtatzis , Robert Atkinson

Nowadays, with the rapid development of IoT (Internet of Things) and CPS (Cyber-Physical Systems) technologies, big spatiotemporal data are being generated from mobile phones, car navigation systems, and traffic sensors. By leveraging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Renhe Jiang , Du Yin , Zhaonan Wang , Yizhuo Wang , Jiewen Deng , Hangchen Liu , Zekun Cai , Jinliang Deng , Xuan Song , Ryosuke Shibasaki

In addition to enhancing traffic safety and facilitating prompt emergency response, traffic incident detection plays an indispensable role in intelligent transportation systems by providing real-time traffic status information. This enables…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Xinying Lu , Doudou Zhang , Jianli Xiao

Class imbalance (CI) in classification problems arises when the number of observations belonging to one class is lower than the other. Ensemble learning combines multiple models to obtain a robust model and has been prominently used with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Azal Ahmad Khan , Omkar Chaudhari , Rohitash Chandra

Object detection is an important task in computer vision which serves a lot of real-world applications such as autonomous driving, surveillance and robotics. Along with the rapid thrive of large-scale data, numerous state-of-the-art…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-03 Trong Huy Phan , Kazuma Yamamoto

The anonymous nature of darknets is commonly exploited for illegal activities. Previous research has employed machine learning and deep learning techniques to automate the detection of darknet traffic in an attempt to block these criminal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Nhien Rust-Nguyen , Mark Stamp

Sufficient high-quality traffic data are a crucial component of various Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) applications and research related to congestion prediction, speed prediction, incident detection, and other traffic operation…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-13 Tongge Huang , Pranamesh Chakraborty , Anuj Sharma

Encrypted traffic classification plays a critical role in network security and management. Currently, mining deep patterns from side-channel contents and plaintext fields through neural networks is a major solution. However, existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Susu Cui , Xueying Han , Dongqi Han , Zhiliang Wang , Weihang Wang , Yun Li , Bo Jiang , Baoxu Liu , Zhigang Lu

As part of autonomous car driving systems, semantic segmentation is an essential component to obtain a full understanding of the car's environment. One difficulty, that occurs while training neural networks for this purpose, is class…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-01-25 Robin Chan , Matthias Rottmann , Fabian Hüger , Peter Schlicht , Hanno Gottschalk

Automatic detection and recognition of traffic signs plays a crucial role in management of the traffic-sign inventory. It provides accurate and timely way to manage traffic-sign inventory with a minimal human effort. In the computer vision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Domen Tabernik , Danijel Skočaj

Deep learning models have gained remarkable performance on a variety of image classification tasks. However, many models suffer from limited performance in clinical or medical settings when data are imbalanced. To address this challenge, we…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-15 Long Gao , Chang Liu , Dooman Arefan , Ashok Panigrahy , Margarita L. Zuley , Shandong Wu

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are a contemporary solution for semantic segmentation and are usually trained to operate on a predefined closed set of classes. In open-set environments, it is possible to encounter semantically unknown objects…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Jurica Runtas , Tomislav Petkovic

One-class novelty detection is to identify anomalous instances that do not conform to the expected normal instances. In this paper, the Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) based on encoder-decoder-encoder pipeline are used for detection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Zhiwei Zhang , Shifeng Chen , Lei Sun

The adoption of modern encryption protocols such as TLS 1.3 has significantly challenged traditional network traffic classification (NTC) methods. As a consequence, researchers are increasingly turning to machine learning (ML) approaches to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Nimesha Wickramasinghe , Arash Shaghaghi , Gene Tsudik , Sanjay Jha

Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (cGANs) extend the standard unconditional GAN framework to learning joint data-label distributions from samples, and have been established as powerful generative models capable of generating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Ligong Han , Martin Renqiang Min , Anastasis Stathopoulos , Yu Tian , Ruijiang Gao , Asim Kadav , Dimitris Metaxas

Network traffic classification is used in various applications such as network traffic management, policy enforcement, and intrusion detection systems. Although most applications encrypt their network traffic and some of them dynamically…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-22 Amir Mahdi Sadeghzadeh , Saeed Shiravi , Rasool Jalili

In the past few years, cybersecurity is becoming very important due to the rise in internet users. The internet attacks such as Denial of service (DoS) and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks severely harm a website or server and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Arun Kumar Silivery , Kovvur Ram Mohan Rao , L K Suresh Kumar

This work proposes the continuous conditional generative adversarial network (CcGAN), the first generative model for image generation conditional on continuous, scalar conditions (termed regression labels). Existing conditional GANs (cGANs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Xin Ding , Yongwei Wang , Zuheng Xu , William J. Welch , Z. Jane Wang

Understanding the traffic dynamics in networks is a core capability for automated systems to monitor and analyze networking behaviors, reducing expensive human efforts and economic risks through tasks such as traffic classification,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Jiawei Zhou , Woojeong Kim , Zhiying Xu , Alexander M. Rush , Minlan Yu

Recent developments in the field of deep learning for 3D data have demonstrated promising potential for end-to-end learning directly from point clouds. However, many real-world point clouds contain a large class im-balance due to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-06-19 David Griffiths , Jan Boehm