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The theory of quantum thermodynamics investigates how the concepts of heat, work, and temperature can be carried over to the quantum realm, where fluctuations and randomness are fundamentally unavoidable. These lecture notes provide an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-17 Patrick P. Potts

We extend a class of recently derived thermodynamic uncertainty relations to vector-valued observables. In contrast to the scalar-valued observables examined previously, this multidimensional thermodynamic uncertainty relation provides a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-10-22 Andreas Dechant

We derive a universal bound on the large-deviation functions of particle currents in coherent conductors. This bound depends only on the mean value of the relevant current and the total rate of entropy production required to maintain a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-10-24 Kay Brandner , Keiji Saito

Quantum measurement is a physical process. A system and an apparatus interact for a certain time period (measurement time), and during this interaction, information about an observable is transferred from the system to the apparatus. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-31 Takayuki Miyadera

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) place strict bounds on the fluctuations of thermodynamic quantities in terms of the associated entropy production. In this work we identify the tightest (and saturable) matrix-valued TUR that can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-07 André M. Timpanaro , Giacomo Guarnieri , John Goold , Gabriel T. Landi

The Heisenberg uncertainty relation, which links the uncertainties of the position and momentum of a particle, has an important footprint on the quantum behavior of a physical system. Analogous to this principle, we propose that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-18 Pratik Sathe , Luis Pedro García-Pintos , Francesco Caravelli

Measuring the thermodynamic properties of open quantum systems poses a major challenge. A calorimetric detection has been proposed as a feasible experimental scheme to measure work and fluctuation relations in open quantum systems. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-06-15 Samu Suomela , Aki Kutvonen , Tapio Ala-Nissila

We derive a quantum extension of the thermodynamic uncertainty relation where dynamical fluctuations are quantified by the Terletsky-Margenau-Hill quasiprobability, a quantum generalization of the classical joint probability. The obtained…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Kohei Yoshimura , Ryusuke Hamazaki

Enhancing the precision of a thermodynamic process inevitably necessitates a thermodynamic cost. This notion was recently formulated as the thermodynamic uncertainty relation, which states that the lower bound on the relative variance of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-14 Yoshihiko Hasegawa

While the fluctuation theorem in classical systems has been thoroughly generalized under various feedback control setups, an intriguing situation in quantum systems, namely under continuous feedback, remains to be investigated. In this…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-05-11 Toshihiro Yada , Nobuyuki Yoshioka , Takahiro Sagawa

Based on trajectory dependent path probability formalism in state space, we derive generalized entropy production fluctuation relations for a quantum system in the presence of measurement and feedback. We have obtained these results for…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-04 Shubhashis Rana , Sourabh Lahiri , A. M. Jayannavar

Relative fluctuations of observables in discrete stochastic systems are bounded at all times by the mean dynamical activity in the system, quantified by the mean number of jumps. This constitutes a kinetic uncertainty relation that is…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-01-08 Ivan Di Terlizzi , Marco Baiesi

We present the entropic uncertainty relations for multiple measurement settings in quantum mechanics. Those uncertainty relations are obtained for both cases with and without the presence of quantum memory. They take concise forms which can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-06 Shang Liu , Liang-Zhu Mu , Heng Fan

We derive a universal thermodynamic uncertainty relation for Fermionic coherent transport, which bounds the total rate of entropy production in terms of the mean and fluctuations of a single particle current. This bound holds for any…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-07-29 Kay Brandner , Keiji Saito

A cost-precision trade-off relationship, the so-called thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR), has been recently discovered in stochastic thermodynamics. It bounds certain thermodynamic observables in terms of the associated entropy…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-05-27 Soham Pal , Sushant Saryal , Dvira Segal , T. S. Mahesh , Bijay Kumar Agarwalla

The thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) imposes a fundamental constraint between current fluctuations and entropy production, providing a refined formulation of the second law for micro- and nanoscale systems. Quantum violations of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Yang Li , Fu-Lin Zhang

Small nonequilibrium systems in contact with a heat bath can be analyzed with the framework of stochastic thermodynamics. In such systems, fluctuations, which are not negligible, follow universal relations such as the fluctuation theorem.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-10-29 Andre C Barato , Raphael Chetrite , Alessandra Faggionato , Davide Gabrielli

We investigate the thermodynamic behavior of open quantum systems through the Hamiltonian of Mean Force, focusing on two models: a two-qubit system interacting with a thermal bath and a Jaynes-Cummings Model without the rotating wave…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Neha Pathania , Devvrat Tiwari , Subhashish Banerjee

We generalize the link between fluctuation theorems and thermodynamic uncertainty relations by deriving a bound on the variance of fluxes that satisfy an isometric fluctuation theorem. The resulting bound, which depends on the system's…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-02-11 Hadrien Vroylandt , Karel Proesmans , Todd R. Gingrich

The interplay between thermodynamics, general relativity and quantum mechanics has long intrigued researchers. Recently, important advances have been obtained in thermodynamics, mainly regarding its application to the quantum domain through…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-02-07 Marcos L. W. Basso , Jonas Maziero , Lucas Chibebe Céleri