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In the gravitational lensing of gravitational waves, the wave optics should be used instead of the geometrical optics when the wavelength $\lambda$ of the gravitational waves is longer than the Schwarzschild radius of the lens mass $M_L$.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Ryuichi Takahashi , Takashi Nakamura

Wave effects in lensing form a rich phenomenon at the intersection of classical caustic singularities and quantum interference, yet are notoriously difficult to model. A large number of recently observed pulsars and fast radio bursts in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-11-01 Job Feldbrugge

Gravitational lensing is an invaluable probe of the nature of dark matter, and the structures it forms. Lensed gravitational waves in particular allow for unparalleled sensitivity to small scale structures within the lenses, due to the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-17 Luka Vujeva , Jose María Ezquiaga , Daniel Gilman , Srashti Goyal , Miguel Zumalacárregui

Strong gravitational lens systems with measured time delays between the multiple images provide a method for measuring the "time-delay distance" to the lens, and thus the Hubble constant. We present a Bayesian analysis of the strong…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-12-08 S. H. Suyu , P. J. Marshall , M. W. Auger , S. Hilbert , R. D. Blandford , L. V. E. Koopmans , C. D. Fassnacht , T. Treu

Probing the relative speeds of gravitational waves and light acts as an important test of General Relativity and alternative theories of gravity. Measuring the arrival time of gravitational waves and electromagnetic counterparts can be used…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-03-08 Thomas E. Collett , David Bacon

Gravitational waves (GWs) are subject to gravitational lensing in the same way as electromagnetic radiation. However, to date, no unequivocal observation of a lensed GW transient has been reported. Independently, GW observatories continue…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-24 Riccardo Buscicchio , Christopher J. Moore , Geraint Pratten , Patricia Schmidt , Matteo Bianconi , Alberto Vecchio

Detection of quasi-monochromatic, long-duration (continuous) gravitational wave radiation emitted by, e.g., asymmetric rotating neutron stars in our Galaxy requires a long observation time to distinguish it from the detector's noise. If…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-29 Sudhagar Suyamprakasam , Sreekanth Harikumar , Paweł Ciecieląg , Przemysław Figura , Michał Bejger , Marek Biesiada

We discuss the future detectability of gravitational-wave induced lensing from high-sensitivity cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments. Gravitational waves can induce a rotational component of the weak-lensing deflection angle,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-11 Toshiya Namikawa , Daisuke Yamauchi , Atsushi Taruya

Strong lensing of gravitational waves is more likely for distant sources but predicted event rates are highly uncertain with many astrophysical origins proposed. Here we open a new avenue to estimate the event rate of strongly lensed…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-23 Suvodip Mukherjee , Tom Broadhurst , Jose M. Diego , Joseph Silk , George F. Smoot

All gravitational-wave signals are inevitably gravitationally lensed by intervening matter as they propagate through the Universe. When a gravitational-wave signal is magnified, it \emph{appears} to have originated from a closer, more…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-01-21 Amanda M. Farah , Jose María Ezquiaga , Maya Fishbach , Daniel E. Holz

When gravitational waves (GWs) pass by a massive object on its way to Earth, a strong gravitational lensing effect will happen. Thus, the GW signal will be amplified, deflected, and delayed in time. Through analyzing the lensed GW waveform,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-10-09 Xin-yi Lin , Jian-dong Zhang , Liang Dai , Shun-Jia Huang , Jianwei Mei

We investigate the constraint ability of the gravitational wave (GW) as the standard siren on the cosmological parameters by using the third-generation gravitational wave detector: the Einstein Telescope. We simulate the luminosity…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-02-21 Rong-Gen Cai , Tao Yang

It has been shown that time delay of strong gravitational lensing is not only an effective cosmological probe to constrain the Hubble constant, the matter density and the curvature of the universe but also useful for breaking the degeneracy…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-05-15 Bin Liu , Zhengxiang Li , Zong-Hong Zhu

In this paper, we study the strong gravitational lensing of gravitational waves (GWs) from a statistical perspective, with particular focus on the high frequency GWs from stellar binary black hole coalescences. These are most promising…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-03-21 Shun-Sheng Li , Shude Mao , Yuetong Zhao , Youjun Lu

The standard siren approach of gravitational wave cosmology appeals to the direct luminosity distance estimation through the waveform signals from inspiralling double compact binaries, especially those with electromagnetic counterparts…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-10-30 Kai Liao , Xi-Long Fan , Xu-Heng Ding , Marek Biesiada , Zong-Hong Zhu

Gravitational lensing is now widely and successfully used to study a range of astronomical phenomena, from individual objects, like galaxies and clusters, to the mass distribution on various scales, to the overall geometry of the Universe.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Liliya L. R. Williams , Paul L. Schechter

In this paper, we investigate the expected constraints on the Hubble constant from the gravitational-wave standard sirens, in a cosmological-model-independent way. In the framework of the well-known Hubble law, the GW signal from each…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-02-03 Sixuan Zhang , Shuo Cao , Jia Zhang , Tonghua Liu , Yuting Liu , Shuaibo Geng , Yujie Lian

Lensed gravitational wave (GW) events are expected to be powerful new probes of cosmology, contingent on redshift measurement by electromagnetic observations. Host galaxy identification is thus crucial but challenging due to poor…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-15 Zhiwei Chen , Qingjuan Yu , Youjun Lu , Xiao Guo

Gravitational waves (GWs) are lensed by matter, offering a unique probe of both the large-scale structure of the Universe and the fundamental properties of GW propagation. GWs can also be affected by wave optics effects when their…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-03 Juno C. L. Chan , Conor Dyson , Matilde Garcia , Jaime Redondo-Yuste , Luka Vujeva

We simulate the effects of gravitational lensing on the source count of high redshift galaxies as projected to be observed by the Hubble Frontier Fields program and the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in the near future. Taking the mass…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Natalie Mashian , Abraham Loeb