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Integrated energy systems (IESs), in which various energy flows are interconnected and coordinated to release potential flexibility for more efficient and secure operation, have drawn increasing attention in recent years. In this article,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-21 Binbin Chen , Qinglai Guo , Guanxiong Yin , Bin Wang , Zhaoguang Pan , Yuwei Chen , Wenchuan Wu , Hongbin Sun

This paper presents a distributed frequency control method for power grids with high penetration of inverter-connected resources under low and time-varying inertia due to renewable energy (RE). We provide a distributed virtual inertia (VI)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-20 Manasa Muralidharan , Jan Kleissl , Patricia Hidalgo-Gonzalez

Frequency control rebalances supply and demand while maintaining the network state within operational margins. It is implemented using fast ramping reserves that are expensive and wasteful, and which are expected to grow with the increasing…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-11-19 Enrique Mallada , Changhong Zhao , Steven H. Low

The large-scale integration of inverter-interfaced renewable energy sources presents significant challenges to maintaining power balance and nominal frequency in modern power systems. This paper studies grid-level coordinated control of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-05 Xiaoyang Wang , Xin Chen

Grid-forming inverter-based autonomous microgrids present new operational challenges as the stabilizing rotational inertia of synchronous machines is absent. The design of efficient control policies for grid-forming inverters is, however, a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-01-18 Yemi Ojo , Jeremy D. Watson , Khaled Laib , Ioannis Lestas

This paper investigates distributed control and incentive mechanisms to coordinate distributed energy resources (DERs) with both continuous and discrete decision variables as well as device dynamics in distribution grids. We formulate a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-07-16 Xinyang Zhou , Emiliano Dall'Anese , Lijun Chen

In this paper, we address the problem of coordinating a set of distributed energy resources (DERs) to regulate voltage in power distribution systems to desired levels. To this end, we formulate the voltage control problem as an optimization…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-06-09 Hanchen Xu , Alejandro D. Domínguez-García , Peter W. Sauer

Frequency control plays a pivotal role in reliable power system operations. It is conventionally performed in a hierarchical way that first rapidly stabilizes the frequency deviations and then slowly recovers the nominal frequency. However,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-03 Yan Jiang , Wenqi Cui , Baosen Zhang , Jorge Cortés

In this paper, we investigate the distributed load frequency control problem in a multi-area smart grid under external load disturbances and measurement noise. The novelty lies in that the information privacy is fully taken into account,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-08 Wenjing Yang , Zhaorong Zhang , Xun Li , Juanjuan Xu

The analysis of Integrated Energy Systems (IES) is crucial for enhancing the comprehensive and complementary utilization of clean energy across China, significantly impacting the effective planning, operational coordination, and security…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-20 Xialiang Huangpu

Efficient energy management of Distributed Renewable Energy Resources (DRER) enables a more sustainable and efficient energy ecosystem. Therefore, we propose a holistic Energy Management System (EMS), utilising the computational and energy…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Conor Mullaney , Adnan Aijaz , Rasheed Hussain

Heat pumps have the capability for fast adjustments in power consumption with potential connections to large heating-inertia district heating networks, and are thus a very important resource for providing frequency support in low-inertia…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-30 Xin Qin , Ioannis Lestas

This article presents a suite of new control designs for next-generation electric smart grids. The future grid will consist of thousands of non-conventional renewable generation sources such as wind, solar, and energy storage. These new…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-09-14 Tomonori Sadamoto , Aranya Chakrabortty , Takayuki Ishizaki , Jun-ichi Imura

Power systems are shifted from conventional bulk generation toward renewable generation. This trend leads to the frequency security problem due to the decline of system inertia. On the other hand, natural gas-fired units are frequently…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-30 Lun Yang , Yinliang Xu , Jianguo Zhou , Hongbin Sun

Modern power systems integrate renewable distributed energy resources (DERs) as an environment-friendly enhancement to meet the ever-increasing demands. However, the inherent unreliability of renewable energy renders developing DER…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-30 Xiaotong Cheng , Ioannis Tsetis , Setareh Maghsudi

Electrical Distribution Systems are extensively penetrated with Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) to cater the energy demands with the general perception that it enhances the system's resilience. However, integration of DERs may adversely…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-07 Divyanshi Dwivedi , Pradeep Kumar Yemula , Mayukha Pal

We consider the problem of using district heating systems as ancillary services for primary frequency control in power networks. We propose a novel power sharing scheme for heating systems based on the average temperature, which enables an…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-07 Xin Qin , Ioannis Lestas

With increasing availability of communication and control infrastructure at the distribution systems, it is expected that the distributed energy resources (DERs) will take an active part in future power systems operations. One of the main…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-03-20 Soumya Kundu , Karanjit Kalsi , Scott Backhaus

The unique problems and phenomena in the distributed voltage control of large-scale power distribution systems with extremely-high DER-penetration are targeted in this paper. First, a DER-explicit distribution network model and voltage…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-21 Ying Xu , Zhihua Qu

This paper proposes a distributed strategy regulated on a subset of individual buses in a power network described by the swing equations to achieve transient frequency control while preserving asymptotic stability. Transient frequency…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-09-18 Yifu Zhang , Jorge Cortes