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Smart contracts are autonomous and immutable pieces of code that are deployed on blockchain networks and run by miners. They were first introduced by Ethereum in 2014 and have since been used for various applications such as security…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Mahdi Fooladgar , Fathiyeh Faghih

A smart contract is a computer program which allows users to automate their actions on the blockchain platform. Given the significance of smart contracts in supporting important activities across industry sectors including supply chain,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Palina Tolmach , Yi Li , Shang-Wei Lin , Yang Liu , Zengxiang Li

Smart contract security has progressed from vulnerability detection toward a broader research agenda that includes semantic reasoning, automated repair, adversarial robustness, and real-time exploit detection. This paper develops a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Tamer Abdelaziz

A smart contract is an interactive program that governs funds in the realm of a single cryptocurrency. Yet, the many existing cryptocurrencies have spurred the design of cross-chain applications that require interactions with multiple…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Federico Badaloni , Sebastian Holler , Chrysoula Oikonomou , Pedro Moreno-Sanchez , Clara Schneidewind

We examine blockchain technologies, especially smart contracts, as a platform for decentralized applications. By providing a basis for consensus, blockchain promises to upend business models that presuppose a central authority. However,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-01-10 Munindar P. Singh , Amit K. Chopra

Smart Contracts (SCs) are programs stored in a Blockchain to ensure agreements between two or more parties. Due to the unchangeable essence of Blockchain, failures or errors in SCs become perpetual once published. The reliability of SCs is…

The irreversible nature of blockchain transactions makes the identification of smart contract vulnerabilities an essential requirement for secure system development. While Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Stefan-Claudiu Susan , Andrei Arusoaie , Dorel Lucanu

Modern blockchain, such as Ethereum, supports the deployment and execution of so-called smart contracts, autonomous digital programs with significant value of cryptocurrency. Executing smart contracts requires gas costs paid by users, which…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Majd Soud , Waltteri Nuutinen , Grischa Liebel

Smart contract technology is reshaping conventional industry and business processes. Being embedded in blockchains, smart contracts enable the contractual terms of an agreement to be enforced automatically without the intervention of a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Zibin Zheng , Shaoan Xie , Hong-Ning Dai , Weili Chen , Xiangping Chen , Jian Weng , Muhammad Imran

Smart contracts are Turing-complete programs running on the blockchain. They cannot be modified, even when bugs are detected. The Selfdestruct function is the only way to destroy a contract on the blockchain system and transfer all the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Jiachi Chen

Ethereum Smart Contracts based on Blockchain Technology (BT) enables monetary transactions among peers on a blockchain network independent of a central authorizing agency. Ethereum Smart Contracts are programs that are deployed as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Noama Fatima Samreen , Manar H. Alalfi

Smart contracts on blockchains are prone to diverse security vulnerabilities that can lead to significant financial losses due to their immutable nature. Existing detection approaches often lack flexibility across vulnerability types and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Xing Zhang , Keyu Zhang , Taohong Zhu , Anbang Ruan

Smart contract vulnerabilities caused significant economic losses in blockchain applications. Large Language Models (LLMs) provide new possibilities for addressing this time-consuming task. However, state-of-the-art LLM-based detection…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-14 ZeKe Xiao , Qin Wang , Hammond Pearce , Shiping Chen

Solana gained considerable attention as one of the most popular blockchain platforms for deploying decentralized applications. Compared to Ethereum, however, we observe a lack of research on how Solana smart contract developers handle…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Sébastien Andreina , Tobias Cloosters , Lucas Davi , Jens-Rene Giesen , Marco Gutfleisch , Ghassan Karame , Alena Naiakshina , Houda Naji

Smart contracts are computer programs that run on blockchain platforms, with Solidity being the most widely used language for their development. As blockchain technology advances, smart contracts have become increasingly important across…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Lantian Li , Zhihao Liu , Zhongxing Yu

Blockchain systems have received much attention and promise to revolutionize many services. Yet, despite their popularity, current blockchain systems exist in isolation, that is, they cannot share information. While interoperability is…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Enrique Fynn , Alysson Bessani , Fernando Pedone

Smart Contracts use computer technology to automate the performance of aspects of commercial agreements. Yet how can there be confidence that the computer code is faithful to the intentions of the parties? To understand the depth and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-09 Christopher D. Clack

As the Ethereum platform continues to mature and gain widespread usage, it is crucial to maintain high standards of smart contract writing practices. While bad practices in smart contracts may not directly lead to security issues, they do…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zongwei Li , Xiaoqi Li , Wenkai Li , Xin Wang

Since it takes time and effort to put a new product or service on the market, one would like to predict whether it will be a success. In general this is not possible, but it is possible to follow best practices in order to maximise the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-09-02 Pieter Hartel , Ivan Homoliak , Daniël Reijsbergen

Blockchain-based smart contract has become a growing field in the blockchain technology. What was once a technology used to solve digital transaction issues turns out to have some wider usage, including smart contract. The development of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Fengkie Junis , Faisal Malik Widya Prasetya , Farouq Ibrahim Lubay , Anny Kartika Sari
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