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Complex systems throughout Nature display structures and functions that are built and maintained, at least in part, by optimal energies flowing through them--not specific, ideal values, rather ranges in energy rate density below which…

Popular Physics · Physics 2014-06-25 Eric J. Chaisson

The evolution of galaxies is known to be connected to their position within the large-scale structure and their local environmental density. We investigate the relative importance of these using the underlying dark matter density field…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-02-11 Catherine Gallagher , Tariq Yasin , Richard Stiskalek , Harry Desmond , Matt J. Jarvis

Galaxy clusters in the Universe occupy the important position of nodes of the cosmic web. They are connected among them by filaments, elongated structures composed of dark matter, galaxies, and gas. The connection of galaxy clusters to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-05 Nicola Malavasi , Jenny G. Sorce , Klaus Dolag , Nabila Aghanim

Modern cosmology predicts that matter in our Universe has assembled today into a vast network of filamentary structures colloquially termed the Cosmic Web. Because this matter is either electromagnetically invisible (i.e., dark) or too…

This article reviews the prevailing paradigm for how galaxies and larger structures formed in the universe: gravitational instability. Basic observational facts are summarized to motivate the standard cosmological framework underlying most…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-22 Edmund Bertschinger

Cosmic structure simulations have improved enormously over the past decade, both in terms of the resolution which can be achieved, and with the addition of hydrodynamic and other techniques to formerly purely gravitational methods. This is…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 H. M. P. Couchman

Cosmic connectivity and multiplicity, i.e. the number of filaments globally or locally connected to a given cluster is a natural probe of the growth of structure and in particular of the nature of dark energy. It is also a critical…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-22 Sandrine Codis , Dmitri Pogosyan , Christophe Pichon

The concept of the cosmic web, viewing the Universe as a set of discrete galaxies held together by gravity, is deeply engrained in cosmology. Yet, little is known about the most effective construction and the characteristics of the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-14 B. C. Coutinho , Sungryong Hong , Kim Albrecht , Arjun Dey , Albert-László Barabási , Paul Torrey , Mark Vogelsberger , Lars Hernquist

Large volume cosmological simulations succeed in reproducing the large-scale structure of the Universe. However, they lack resolution and may not take into account all relevant physical processes to test if the detail properties of galaxies…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 Marie Martig , Frederic Bournaud , Romain Teyssier

The large scale distribution of galaxies in the universe displays a complex pattern of clusters, super-clusters, filaments and voids with sizes limited only by the boundaries of the available samples. A quantitative statistical…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Francesco Sylos Labini , Luciano Pietronero

The initial conditions of our Universe can be summarized on a single sheet of paper. Yet the Universe is full of complex structures today, such as stars, galaxies and groups of galaxies. In this review I describe the standard theoretical…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-04-16 Abraham Loeb

We propose a new approach for multiverse analysis based on computational complexity, which leads to a new family of "computational" measure factors. By defining a cosmology as a space-time containing a vacuum with specified properties (for…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-04-18 Frederik Denef , Michael R. Douglas , Brian Greene , Claire Zukowski

We undertake the first comprehensive and quantitative real-space analysis of the cosmological information content in the environments of the cosmic web (voids, filaments, walls, and nodes) up to non-linear scales, $k = 0.5$ $h$/Mpc. Relying…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-25 Tony Bonnaire , Nabila Aghanim , Joseph Kuruvilla , Aurélien Decelle

Using computer simulations we study the geometry of a typical quantum universe, i.e. the geometry one might expect before a possible period of inflation. We display it using coordinates defined by means of four classical scalar fields…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-09-01 J. Ambjorn , Z. Drogosz , J. Gizbert-Studnicki , A. Görlich , J. Jurkiewicz , D. Németh

The 80% of the matter in the Universe is in the form of dark matter that comprises the skeleton of the large-scale structure called the Cosmic Web. As the Cosmic Web dictates the motion of all matter in galaxies and inter-galactic media…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-28 Sungwook E. Hong , Donghui Jeong , Ho Seong Hwang , Juhan Kim

After two decades of direct dynamical simulation of large-scale structure in the universe, it is safe to say the subject is now mature. Still, there are parts of the problem that are less well developed than others. In general, the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 August E. Evrard

We present, for the first time, a Local Universe (LU) characterization using high precision constrained $N$-body simulations based on self-consistent phase-space reconstructions of the large-scale structure in the Two-Micron All-Sky Galaxy…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-29 Sebastian E. Nuza , Francisco-Shu Kitaura , Steffen Hess , Noam I. Libeskind , Volker Mueller

Galaxy groups are more than an intermediate scale between clusters and halos hosting individual galaxies, they are crucial laboratories capable of testing a range of astrophysics from how galaxies form and evolve to large scale structure…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-06-28 Benjamin D. Oppenheimer , Arif Babul , Yannick Bahé , Iryna S. Butsky , Ian G. McCarthy

One of the main challenges in cosmology is to quantify how small density fluctuations at the recombination epoch z around 1000 evolved into the galaxies and the large-scale structure we observe in the universe today. This thesis discusses…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-02-03 Max Tegmark

The cosmic web is a complex spatial pattern of walls, filaments, cluster nodes and underdense void regions. It emerged through gravitational amplification from the Gaussian primordial density field. Here we infer analytical expressions for…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-12-17 Job Feldbrugge , Johan Hidding , Rien van de Weygaert