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The Information bottleneck (IB) method enables optimizing over the trade-off between compression of data and prediction accuracy of learned representations, and has successfully and robustly been applied to both supervised and unsupervised…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Teng-Hui Huang , Aly El Gamal

Information bottleneck (IB) is a method for extracting information from one random variable $X$ that is relevant for predicting another random variable $Y$. To do so, IB identifies an intermediate "bottleneck" variable $T$ that has low…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-11-22 Artemy Kolchinsky , Brendan D. Tracey , Steven Van Kuyk

The information bottleneck (IB) method is a technique for extracting information that is relevant for predicting the target random variable from the source random variable, which is typically implemented by optimizing the IB Lagrangian that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-23 Ziqi Pan , Li Niu , Jianfu Zhang , Liqing Zhang

Information bottleneck (IB) is a paradigm to extract information in one target random variable from another relevant random variable, which has aroused great interest due to its potential to explain deep neural networks in terms of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Lingyi Chen , Shitong Wu , Wenhao Ye , Huihui Wu , Hao Wu , Wenyi Zhang , Bo Bai , Yining Sun

Information bottleneck (IB) is a technique for extracting information in one random variable $X$ that is relevant for predicting another random variable $Y$. IB works by encoding $X$ in a compressed "bottleneck" random variable $M$ from…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Artemy Kolchinsky , Brendan D. Tracey , David H. Wolpert

The information bottleneck (IB) method seeks a compressed representation of data that preserves information relevant to a target variable for prediction while discarding irrelevant information from the original data. In its classical…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Akira Kamatsuka , Takahiro Yoshida

Information Bottleneck (IB) is a technique to extract information about one target random variable through another relevant random variable. This technique has garnered significant interest due to its broad applications in information…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Lingyi Chen , Shitong Wu , Jiachuan Ye , Huihui Wu , Wenyi Zhang , Hao Wu

The Information Bottleneck (IB) is a conceptual method for extracting the most compact, yet informative, representation of a set of variables, with respect to the target. It generalizes the notion of minimal sufficient statistics from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-08 Amichai Painsky , Naftali Tishby

The information bottleneck (IB) approach is popular to improve the generalization, robustness and explainability of deep neural networks. Essentially, it aims to find a minimum sufficient representation $\mathbf{t}$ by striking a trade-off…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Shujian Yu , Xi Yu , Sigurd Løkse , Robert Jenssen , Jose C. Principe

The Information Bottleneck (IB) method (\cite{tishby2000information}) provides an insightful and principled approach for balancing compression and prediction for representation learning. The IB objective $I(X;Z)-\beta I(Y;Z)$ employs a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-23 Tailin Wu , Ian Fischer , Isaac L. Chuang , Max Tegmark

The Information Bottleneck (IB) principle has emerged as a promising approach for enhancing the generalization, robustness, and interpretability of deep neural networks, demonstrating efficacy across image segmentation, document clustering,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Hanzhe Yang , Youlong Wu , Dingzhu Wen , Yong Zhou , Yuanming Shi

Inference capabilities of machine learning (ML) systems skyrocketed in recent years, now playing a pivotal role in various aspect of society. The goal in statistical learning is to use data to obtain simple algorithms for predicting a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Ziv Goldfeld , Yury Polyanskiy

We show that if the conditional distribution p(C | T) factors through a sufficient statistic {\phi}(T), then the Information Bottleneck (IB) problem for (T, C) is exactly equivalent to the IB problem for ({\phi}(T), C). The reduction is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Joss Armstrong

The information bottleneck (IB) principle has been adopted to explain deep learning in terms of information compression and prediction, which are balanced by a trade-off hyperparameter. How to optimize the IB principle for better robustness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-04 Penglong Zhai , Shihua Zhang

The information bottleneck (IB) method aims to find compressed representations of a variable $X$ that retain the most relevant information about a target variable $Y$. We show that for a wide family of distributions -- namely, when $Y$ is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Etam Benger , Shahab Asoodeh , Jun Chen

Information Bottleneck (IB) is a widely used framework that enables the extraction of information related to a target random variable from a source random variable. In the objective function, IB controls the trade-off between data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Sota Kudo , Naoaki Ono , Shigehiko Kanaya , Ming Huang

A large number of objectives have been proposed to train latent variable generative models. We show that many of them are Lagrangian dual functions of the same primal optimization problem. The primal problem optimizes the mutual information…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-07-10 Shengjia Zhao , Jiaming Song , Stefano Ermon

Information bottleneck (IB) and privacy funnel (PF) are two closely related optimization problems which have found applications in machine learning, design of privacy algorithms, capacity problems (e.g., Mrs. Gerber's Lemma), strong data…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-30 Shahab Asoodeh , Flavio Calmon

The information bottleneck (IB) problem is a widely studied framework in machine learning for extracting compressed features that are informative for downstream tasks. However, current approaches to solving the IB problem rely on a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Amirmohammad Farzaneh , Osvaldo Simeone

Lossy compression and clustering fundamentally involve a decision about what features are relevant and which are not. The information bottleneck method (IB) by Tishby, Pereira, and Bialek formalized this notion as an information-theoretic…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2017-02-23 DJ Strouse , David J Schwab
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