Related papers: Does set theory really ground arithmetic truth?
Transformer-based models excel in various tasks but their generalization capabilities, especially in arithmetic reasoning, remain incompletely understood. Arithmetic tasks provide a controlled framework to explore these capabilities, yet…
It is well known that in Zermelo-Fraenkel (ZF) set theory any finite set is decidable. In this paper we discuss an extension of ZF where this result is no longer valid. Such an extension is quasi-set theory and it has its origin on problems…
We provide a formal introduction into the classic theorems of general topology and its axiomatic foundations in set theory. Starting from ZFC, the exposition in this first part includes relation and order theory as well as a construction of…
This paper explores the relationship of artificial intelligence to the task of resolving open questions in mathematics. We first present an updated version of a traditional argument that limitative results from computability and complexity…
I consider the following generic scenario: an abstract model M of some 'real' system is only partially presented, or partially known to us, and we have to ensure that the actual system satisfies a given specification, formalised in some…
The machine learning community has mainly relied on real data to benchmark algorithms as it provides compelling evidence of model applicability. Evaluation on synthetic datasets can be a powerful tool to provide a better understanding of a…
This paper deals with belief base revision that is a form of belief change consisting of the incorporation of new facts into an agent's beliefs represented by a finite set of propositional formulas. In the aim to guarantee more reliability…
Dana Scott had shown that removing Extensionality from ZF set theory formalized in the customary manner would weaken it down to Zermelo set theory. The following proof is my personal attempt to solve the question of whether we can have a…
Assembly Theory (AT) and its central measure, the assembly index (Ai), represent an invaluable opportunity to address some of the most persistent and widespread conflations and misconceptions about computability and complexity theory in…
We extend the usual internal logic of a (pre)topos to a more general interpretation, called the stack semantics, which allows for "unbounded" quantifiers ranging over the class of objects of the topos. Using well-founded relations inside…
We discuss the problems of incompleteness and inexpressibility. We introduce almost self-referential formulas, use them to extend set theory, and relate their expressive power to that of infinitary logic. We discuss the nature of proper…
We argue that it is neither necessary nor sufficient for a mathematical proof to have epistemic value that it be "correct", in the sense of formalizable in a formal proof system. We then present a view on the relationship between…
We introduce a first-order theory $\mathsf{Seq}$ which is mutually interpretable with Robinson's $\mathsf{Q}$. The universe of a standard model for $\mathsf{Seq}$ consists of sequences. We prove that $\mathsf{Seq}$ directly interprets the…
Default logic can be regarded as a mechanism to represent families of belief sets of a reasoning agent. As such, it is inherently second-order. In this paper, we study the problem of representability of a family of theories as the set of…
Sets with atoms serve as an alternative to ZFC foundations for mathematics, where some infinite, though highly symmetric sets, behave in a finitistic way. Therefore, one can try to carry over analysis of the classical algorithms from finite…
Transfinite set theory including the axiom of choice supplies the following basic theorems: (1) Mappings between infinite sets can always be completed, such that at least one of the sets is exhausted. (2) The real numbers can be well…
Wigner found unreasonable the "effectiveness of mathematics in the natural sciences". But if the mathematics we use to describe nature is simply a coded expression of our experience then its effectiveness is quite reasonable. Its…
Justification theory is a unifying semantic framework. While it has its roots in non-monotonic logics, it can be applied to various areas in computer science, especially in explainable reasoning; its most central concept is a justification:…
In a recent paper, Enayat and Le lyk [2024] show that second order arithmetic and countable set theory are not definitionally equivalent. It is well known that these theories are biinterpretable. Thus, we have a pair of natural theories…
An important result in real algebraic geometry is the projection theorem: every projection of a semialgebraic set is again semialgebraic. This theorem and some of its conclusions lie at the basis of many other results, for example the…