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One major drawback of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for use in safety critical applications is their black-box nature. This makes it hard to verify or monitor complex, symbolic requirements on already trained computer vision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Gesina Schwalbe , Christian Wirth , Ute Schmid

As the complexity of logic designs increase, new avenues for testing digital hardware becomes necessary. Fuzz Testing (fuzzing) has recently received attention as a potential candidate for input vector generation on hardware designs. Using…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Ruochen Dai , Michael Lee , Patrick Hoey , Weimin Fu , Tuba Yavuz , Xiaolong Guo , Shuo Wang , Dean Sullivan , Orlando Arias

Generative models now produce images with such stunning realism that they can easily deceive the human eye. While this progress unlocks vast creative potential, it also presents significant risks, such as the spread of misinformation.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Yichi Zhang , Xiaogang Xu

Deep neural networks (DNNs) play a crucial role in the field of artificial intelligence, and their security-related testing has been a prominent research focus. By inputting test cases, the behavior of models is examined for anomalies, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Wenkai Li , Xiaoqi Li , Yingjie Mao , Yishun Wang

Over the past few years, deep neural networks (DNNs) have been continuously expanding their real-world applications for source code processing tasks across the software engineering domain, e.g., clone detection, code search, comment…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-01-21 Maryam Vahdat Pour , Zhuo Li , Lei Ma , Hadi Hemmati

Machine learning systems based on deep neural networks (DNNs) produce state-of-the-art results in many applications. Considering the large amount of training data and know-how required to generate the network, it is more practical to use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Bo Luo , Yu Li , Lingxiao Wei , Qiang Xu

In safety-critical systems (e.g., autonomous vehicles and robots), Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are becoming a key component for computer vision tasks, particularly semantic segmentation. Further, since the DNN behavior cannot be assessed…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Mohammed Oualid Attaoui , Fabrizio Pastore , Lionel Briand

Despite their unprecedented success, DNNs are notoriously fragile to small shifts in data distribution, demanding effective testing techniques that can assess their dependability. Despite recent advances in DNN testing, there is a lack of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Sondess Missaoui , Simos Gerasimou , Nikolaos Matragkas

In this paper, we propose a new Deep Neural Network (DNN) testing algorithm called the Constrained Gradient Descent (CGD) method, and an implementation we call CGDTest aimed at exposing security and robustness issues such as adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Vineel Nagisetty , Laura Graves , Guanting Pan , Piyush Jha , Vijay Ganesh

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are well-known tools for data generation and semi-supervised classification. GANs, with less labeled data, outperform Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Ryan Nguyen , Shubhendu Kumar Singh , Rahul Rai

Many test coverage metrics have been proposed to measure the Deep Neural Network (DNN) testing effectiveness, including structural coverage and non-structural coverage. These test coverage metrics are proposed based on the fundamental…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Ming Yan , Junjie Chen , Xuejie Cao , Zhuo Wu , Yuning Kang , Zan Wang

Click-Through Rate prediction is an important task in recommender systems, which aims to estimate the probability of a user to click on a given item. Recently, many deep models have been proposed to learn low-order and high-order feature…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Bin Liu , Ruiming Tang , Yingzhi Chen , Jinkai Yu , Huifeng Guo , Yuzhou Zhang

This survey provides an examination of the use of Deep Neural Networks (DNN) in Collaborative Filtering (CF) recommendation systems. As the digital world increasingly relies on data-driven approaches, traditional CF techniques face…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Pang Li , Shahrul Azman Mohd Noah , Hafiz Mohd Sarim

Fuzzing consists of repeatedly testing an application with modified, or fuzzed, inputs with the goal of finding security vulnerabilities in input-parsing code. In this paper, we show how to automate the generation of an input grammar…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-01-26 Patrice Godefroid , Hila Peleg , Rishabh Singh

Despite impressive capabilities and outstanding performance, deep neural networks (DNNs) have captured increasing public concern about their security problems, due to their frequently occurred erroneous behaviors. Therefore, it is necessary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Haibo Jin , Ruoxi Chen , Haibin Zheng , Jinyin Chen , Yao Cheng , Yue Yu , Xianglong Liu

Deep generative models (DGM) are neural networks with many hidden layers trained to approximate complicated, high-dimensional probability distributions using a large number of samples. When trained successfully, we can use the DGMs to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Lars Ruthotto , Eldad Haber

Verification plays an essential role in the formal analysis of safety-critical systems. Most current verification methods have specific requirements when working on Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). They either target one particular network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Chi Zhang , Wenjie Ruan , Fu Wang , Peipei Xu , Geyong Min , Xiaowei Huang

Neural network is a powerful learning paradigm for data feature learning in the era of big data. However, most neural network models are deterministic models that ignore the uncertainty of data. Fuzzy neural networks are proposed to address…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-15 Sheng-Yao Wu , Run-Ze Li , Yan-Qi Song , Su-Juan Qin , Qiao-Yan Wen , Fei Gao

AI Safety is a major concern in many deep learning applications such as autonomous driving. Given a trained deep learning model, an important natural problem is how to reliably verify the model's prediction. In this paper, we propose a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Tong Che , Xiaofeng Liu , Site Li , Yubin Ge , Ruixiang Zhang , Caiming Xiong , Yoshua Bengio

Concolic testing combines program execution and symbolic analysis to explore the execution paths of a software program. This paper presents the first concolic testing approach for Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). More specifically, we formalise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-07 Youcheng Sun , Min Wu , Wenjie Ruan , Xiaowei Huang , Marta Kwiatkowska , Daniel Kroening