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Recent advances in Voice Activity Detection (VAD) are driven by artificial and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), however, using a VAD system in battery-operated devices requires further power efficiency. This can be achieved by neuromorphic…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-01 Flavio Martinelli , Giorgia Dellaferrera , Pablo Mainar , Milos Cernak

Gradient descent training techniques are remarkably successful in training analog-valued artificial neural networks (ANNs). Such training techniques, however, do not transfer easily to spiking networks due to the spike generation hard…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-08-17 Hesham Mostafa

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) has attracted much attention due to its great potential of modeling time-dependent signals. The firing rate of spiking neurons is decided by control rate which is fixed manually in advance, and thus, whether…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Shao-Qun Zhang , Zhao-Yu Zhang , Zhi-Hua Zhou

The rapid expansion of spiking neural networks (SNNs) has led to a proliferation of training algorithms that differ widely in biological inspiration, computational structure, and hardware suitability. Despite this progress, the field lacks…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Alessio Caviglia , Filippo Marostica , Roberta Bardini , Alessandro Savino , Stefano Di Carlo

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have closer dynamics to the brain than current deep neural networks. Their low power consumption and sample efficiency make these networks interesting. Recently, several deep convolutional spiking neural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Shahriar Rezghi Shirsavar , Mohammad-Reza A. Dehaqani

As the size of large language models continue to scale, so does the computational resources required to run it. Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have emerged as an energy-efficient approach to deep learning that leverage sparse and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Rui-Jie Zhu , Qihang Zhao , Guoqi Li , Jason K. Eshraghian

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) process time-series data via internal event-driven neural dynamics. The energy consumption of an SNN depends on the number of spikes exchanged between neurons over the course of the input presentation.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Jiechen Chen , Sangwoo Park , Osvaldo Simeone

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are being explored for their potential energy efficiency benefits due to sparse, event-driven computation. Non-spiking artificial neural networks are typically trained with stochastic gradient descent using…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-11-19 Jason Allred , Kaushik Roy

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have shown great potential in solving deep learning problems in an energy-efficient manner. However, they are still limited to simple classification tasks. In this paper, we propose Spiking-GAN, the first…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-06-30 Vineet Kotariya , Udayan Ganguly

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) process information via discrete spikes, enabling them to operate at remarkably low energy levels. However, our experimental observations reveal a striking vulnerability when SNNs are trained using the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Desong Zhang , Jia Hu , Geyong Min

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) offer a promising energy-efficient alternative to artificial neural networks (ANNs), in virtue of their high biological plausibility, rich spatial-temporal dynamics, and event-driven computation. The direct…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Chenlin Zhou , Han Zhang , Liutao Yu , Yumin Ye , Zhaokun Zhou , Liwei Huang , Zhengyu Ma , Xiaopeng Fan , Huihui Zhou , Yonghong Tian

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) can be used in low-power and embedded systems (such as emerging neuromorphic chips) due to their event-based nature. Also, they have the advantage of low computation cost in contrast to conventional artificial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-20 Ali Samadzadeh , Fatemeh Sadat Tabatabaei Far , Ali Javadi , Ahmad Nickabadi , Morteza Haghir Chehreghani

The spiking neural network (SNN) mimics the information processing operation in the human brain, represents and transmits information in spike trains containing wealthy spatial and temporal information, and shows superior performance on…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Guobin Shen , Dongcheng Zhao , Yi Zeng

Spiking neural networks (SNN) are artificial computational models that have been inspired by the brain's ability to naturally encode and process information in the time domain. The added temporal dimension is believed to render them more…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-05-29 S. R. Nandakumar , Irem Boybat , Manuel Le Gallo , Evangelos Eleftheriou , Abu Sebastian , Bipin Rajendran

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are widely regarded as a biologically-inspired and energy-efficient alternative to classical artificial neural networks. Yet, their theoretical foundations remain only partially understood. In this work, we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-29 Umberto Biccari

Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) are mathematical models in neuroscience to describe the dynamics among a set of neurons that interact with each other by firing instantaneous signals, a.k.a., spikes. Interestingly, a recent advance in…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-11-22 Chi-Ning Chou , Kai-Min Chung , Chi-Jen Lu

In recent years the field of neuromorphic low-power systems that consume orders of magnitude less power gained significant momentum. However, their wider use is still hindered by the lack of algorithms that can harness the strengths of such…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-01-19 Peter U. Diehl , Guido Zarrella , Andrew Cassidy , Bruno U. Pedroni , Emre Neftci

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) exhibit temporal, sparse, and event-driven dynamics that make them appealing for efficient inference. However, extending these models to self-supervised regimes remains challenging because the discontinuities…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Chengwei Zhou , Gourav Datta

A Spiking Neural Network (SNN) can be trained indirectly by first training an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with the conventional backpropagation algorithm, then converting it into an SNN. The conventional rate-coding method for SNNs uses…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Ming Zhang , Nenggan Zheng , De Ma , Gang Pan , Zonghua Gu

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are considered to have enormous potential in the future development of Artificial Intelligence due to their brain-inspired and energy-efficient properties. Compared to vanilla Spatial-Temporal Back-propagation…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Zecheng Hao , Yifan Huang , Zijie Xu , Wenxuan Liu , Yuanhong Tang , Zhaofei Yu , Tiejun Huang