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Perfect hash functions can potentially be used to compress data in connection with a variety of data management tasks. Though there has been considerable work on how to construct good perfect hash functions, there is a gap between theory…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Fabiano C. Botelho , Rasmus Pagh , Nivio Ziviani

Given a set $S$ of $n$ keys, a perfect hash function for $S$ maps the keys in $S$ to the first $m \geq n$ integers without collisions. It may return an arbitrary result for any key not in $S$ and is called minimal if $m = n$. The most…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Hans-Peter Lehmann , Thomas Mueller , Rasmus Pagh , Giulio Ermanno Pibiri , Peter Sanders , Sebastiano Vigna , Stefan Walzer

Given a set $K$ of $n$ keys, a minimal perfect hash function (MPHF) is a collision-free bijective map $\mathsf{H_{mphf}}$ from $K$ to $\{0, \dots, n-1\}$. This work presents a (minimal) perfect hash function that first prioritizes query…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Ragnar Groot Koerkamp

A minimal perfect hash function (MPHF) bijectively maps a set S of objects to the first |S| integers. It can be used as a building block in databases and data compression. RecSplit [Esposito et al., ALENEX'20] is currently the most space…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Dominik Bez , Florian Kurpicz , Hans-Peter Lehmann , Peter Sanders

Given a set S of n keys, a k-perfect hash function (kPHF) is a data structure that maps the keys to the first m integers, where each output integer can be hit by at most k input keys. When m=n/k, the resulting function is called a minimal…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Stefan Hermann , Sebastian Kirmayer , Hans-Peter Lehmann , Peter Sanders , Stefan Walzer

A minimal perfect hash function bijectively maps a key set $S$ out of a universe $U$ into the first $|S|$ natural numbers. Minimal perfect hash functions are used, for example, to map irregularly-shaped keys, such as string, in a compact…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Emmanuel Esposito , Thomas Mueller Graf , Sebastiano Vigna

A function $f : U \to \{0,\ldots,n-1\}$ is a minimal perfect hash function for a set $S \subseteq U$ of size $n$, if $f$ bijectively maps $S$ into the first $n$ natural numbers. These functions are important for many practical applications…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Giulio Ermanno Pibiri , Roberto Trani

Given a set $S$ of $n$ distinct keys, a function $f$ that bijectively maps the keys of $S$ into the range $\{0,\ldots,n-1\}$ is called a minimal perfect hash function for $S$. Algorithms that find such functions when $n$ is large and retain…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Giulio Ermanno Pibiri , Roberto Trani

Minimal perfect hash functions provide space-efficient and collision-free hashing on static sets. Existing algorithms and implementations that build such functions have practical limitations on the number of input elements they can process,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Antoine Limasset , Guillaume Rizk , Rayan Chikhi , Pierre Peterlongo

A minimal perfect hash function (MPHF) maps a set of n keys to unique positions {1, ..., n}. Representing an MPHF requires at least 1.44 bits per key. ShockHash is a technique to construct an MPHF and requires just slightly more space. It…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Stefan Hermann

A Monotone Minimal Perfect Hash Function (MMPHF) constructed on a set S of keys is a function that maps each key in S to its rank. On keys not in S, the function returns an arbitrary value. Applications range from databases, search engines,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Paolo Ferragina , Hans-Peter Lehmann , Peter Sanders , Giorgio Vinciguerra

A minimal perfect hash function (MPHF) maps a set S of n keys to the first n integers without collisions. There is a lower bound of n*log(e)=1.44n bits needed to represent an MPHF. This can be reached by a brute-force algorithm that tries…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Hans-Peter Lehmann , Peter Sanders , Stefan Walzer

In the problem of minimal perfect hashing, we are given a size $k$ subset $\mathcal{A}$ of a universe of keys $[n] = \{1,2, \cdots, n\}$, for which we wish to construct a hash function $h: [n] \to [k]$ such that $h(\cdot)$ maps…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Ryan Song , Emre Telatar

Recent advances in random linear systems on finite fields have paved the way for the construction of constant-time data structures representing static functions and minimal perfect hash functions using less space with respect to existing…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-03-24 Marco Genuzio , Giuseppe Ottaviano , Sebastiano Vigna

A minimal perfect hash function (MPHF) maps a set of n keys to {1, ..., n} without collisions. Such functions find widespread application e.g. in bioinformatics and databases. In this paper we revisit PTHash - a construction technique…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Stefan Hermann , Hans-Peter Lehmann , Giulio Ermanno Pibiri , Peter Sanders , Stefan Walzer

Minimal perfect hashing is the problem of mapping a static set of $n$ distinct keys into the address space $\{1,\ldots,n\}$ bijectively. It is well-known that $n\log_2(e)$ bits are necessary to specify a minimal perfect hash function (MPHF)…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Giulio Ermanno Pibiri , Yoshihiro Shibuya , Antoine Limasset

A minimal perfect hash function (MPHF) maps a set $S$ of $n$ keys to the first $n$ integers without collisions. There is a lower bound of $n\log_2e-O(\log n)$ bits of space needed to represent an MPHF. A matching upper bound is obtained…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Hans-Peter Lehmann , Peter Sanders , Stefan Walzer

The monotone minimal perfect hash function (MMPHF) problem is the following indexing problem. Given a set $S= \{s_1,\ldots,s_n\}$ of $n$ distinct keys from a universe $U$ of size $u$, create a data structure $DS$ that answers the following…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Sepehr Assadi , Martin Farach-Colton , William Kuszmaul

A Perfect Hash Function (PHF) is a hash function that has no collisions on a given input set. PHFs can be used for space efficient storage of data in an array, or for determining a compact representative of each object in the set. In this…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Hans-Peter Lehmann , Peter Sanders , Stefan Walzer

Perfect hash functions give unique "names" to arbitrary keys requiring only a few bits per key. This is an essential building block in applications like static hash tables, databases, or bioinformatics. This paper introduces the PHast…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Piotr Beling , Peter Sanders
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