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By using fundamental units c, h, G as conversion factors one can easily transform the dimensions of all observables. In particular one can make them all ``geometrical'', or dimensionless. However this has no impact on the fact that there…

Classical Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 G. Fiorentini , L. Okun , M. Vysotsky

Several machine learning models are defined for inputs of any size, such as graphs with different numbers of nodes and point clouds containing varying numbers of points. The universality properties of such any-dimensional models remain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Shengtai Yao , Eitan Levin , Mateo Díaz

Defined by Lord Kelvin as the science of measurement it is described a fundamental fact of physics. The so called `natural' units represent the unique system of units conveniently used in the realm of High Energy Physics. The system of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 F. Pisano , N. O. Reis

We look at the fundamental use of complex numbers in Quantum Mechanics (QM). A review of some of the most popular reasons given in the literature to support the necessity of the complex formalism, We add some insight by invoking others.…

General Physics · Physics 2021-08-13 Faical Barzi

We consider various curious features of general relativity, and relativistic field theory, in two spacetime dimensions. In particular, we discuss: the vanishing of the Einstein tensor; the failure of an initial-value formulation for vacuum…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2020-05-27 Samuel C. Fletcher , John Byron Manchak , Mike D. Schneider , James Owen Weatherall

The concept of synthetic dimensions has emerged as a powerful framework in photonics and atomic physics, enabling the exploration of high-dimensional physics beyond conventional spatial constraints. Originally developed for quantum…

The paper "Physics without determinism: Alternative interpretations of classical physics" [Phys. Rev. A, 100:062107, Dec 2019] defines finite information quantities (FIQ). A FIQ expresses the available information about the value of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-28 Luca Callegaro , Francesca Pennecchi , Walter Bich

All sciences need and many arts apply mathematics whereas mathematics seems to be independent of all of them, but only based upon logic. This conservative concept, however, needs to be revised because, contrary to Platonic idealism…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 W. Mueckenheim

The non-empty finite subsets of a multiplicatively written monoid form a monoid under setwise multiplication. The same holds for finite subsets containing the identity element. Partly due to their unusual arithmetic properties, these…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2026-05-18 Salvatore Tringali

Analyzing the dimension of an unknown quantum system in a device-independent manner, i.e., using only the measurement statistics, is a fundamental task in quantum physics and quantum information theory. In this paper, we consider this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-02 Jamie Sikora , Antonios Varvitsiotis , Zhaohui Wei

In this note we discuss a common misconception, namely that embeddings are always used to reduce the dimensionality of the item space. We show that when we measure dimensionality in terms of information entropy then the embedding of sparse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-09 Maxim Naumov

The vast majority of scientific community believes that P!=NP, with countless supporting arguments. The number of people who believe otherwise probably amounts to as few as those opposing the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics. But isn't nature…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-04-12 Eduardo Hwang

Here I briefly discuss why supersymmetry is considered a leading candidate of physics beyond the standard model. I also highlight the salient features of different supersymmetry breaking models. A few other symmetries, broken or intact,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 Gautam Bhattacharyya

In light of G\"{o}del's undecidability results (incomplete theorems) for math, quantum indeterminism indicates that physics and the Universe may be indeterministic, incomplete, and open in nature, and therefore demand no single unification…

General Physics · Physics 2020-03-11 Wanpeng Tan

In this mainly pedagogical article, we discuss under what circumstances measurements play a special role in quantum processes. In particular we discuss the following facts which appear to be a common area of confusion: i) from a fundamental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-14 Benjamin Cruikshank , Kurt Jacobs

This is a brief review where some basic elements of non-commutative geometry are given. The rules and ingredients that enter in the construction of the standard model and grand unification models in non-commutative geometry are summarized.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-03-10 A. H. Chamseddine

General non-commutative supersymmetric quantum mechanics models in two and three dimensions are constructed and some two and three dimensional examples are explicitly studied. The structure of the theory studied suggest other possible…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-01-16 Ashok Das , H. Falomir , J. Gamboa , F. Mendez

In recent publications in physics and mathematics, concerns have been raised about the use of real numbers to describe quantities in physics, and in particular about the usual assumption that physical quantities are infinitely precise. In…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2021-08-13 Tein van der Lugt

The review of modern study of algebraic, geometric and differential properties of quaternionic (Q) numbers with their applications. Traditional and "tensor" formulation of Q-units with their possible representations are discussed and groups…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. P. Yefremov

Every physical measuring needs a finite, different from zero measurement time and provides information in form of the choice of a measurement result from all possible measurement results. If infinitely many (different) measurement results…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Wolfgang Orthuber