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Transformer models have achieved superior performance in various natural language processing tasks. However, the quadratic computational cost of the attention mechanism limits its practicality for long sequences. There are existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Simiao Zuo , Xiaodong Liu , Jian Jiao , Denis Charles , Eren Manavoglu , Tuo Zhao , Jianfeng Gao

Deep autoregressive sequence-to-sequence models have demonstrated impressive performance across a wide variety of tasks in recent years. While common architecture classes such as recurrent, convolutional, and self-attention networks make…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-09 Mitchell Stern , Noam Shazeer , Jakob Uszkoreit

Lifelong user interest modeling is crucial for industrial recommender systems, yet existing approaches rely predominantly on ID-based features, suffering from poor generalization on long-tail items and limited semantic expressiveness. While…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Bin Wu , Feifan Yang , Zhangming Chan , Yu-Ran Gu , Jiawei Feng , Chao Yi , Xiang-Rong Sheng , Han Zhu , Jian Xu , Mang Ye , Bo Zheng

Autoregressive models (ARMs) are hindered by slow sequential inference. While masked diffusion models (MDMs) offer a parallel alternative, they suffer from critical drawbacks: high computational overhead from precluding Key-Value (KV)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Jia-Nan Li , Jian Guan , Wei Wu , Chongxuan Li

The self-attention mechanism, at the heart of the Transformer model, is able to effectively model pairwise interactions between tokens. However, numerous recent works have shown that it is unable to perform basic tasks involving detecting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Sayak Chakrabarti , Toniann Pitassi , Josh Alman

Transformer-based models have been achieving state-of-the-art results in several fields of Natural Language Processing. However, its direct application to speech tasks is not trivial. The nature of this sequences carries problems such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Gerard Sant , Gerard I. Gállego , Belen Alastruey , Marta R. Costa-Jussà

Medical image analysis continues to hold interesting challenges given the subtle characteristics of certain diseases and the significant overlap in appearance between diseases. In this work, we explore the concept of self-attention for…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-13 Hossein Aboutalebi , Maya Pavlova , Hayden Gunraj , Mohammad Javad Shafiee , Ali Sabri , Amer Alaref , Alexander Wong

Sequential recommendation has rapidly advanced in click-through rate prediction due to its ability to model dynamic user interests. A key challenge, however, lies in modeling long sequences: users often exhibit significant interest shifts,…

Simultaneous machine translation models start generating a target sequence before they have encoded or read the source sequence. Recent approaches for this task either apply a fixed policy on a state-of-the art Transformer model, or a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-30 Xutai Ma , Juan Pino , James Cross , Liezl Puzon , Jiatao Gu

State-of-the-art sequential recommendation relies heavily on self-attention-based recommender models. Yet such models are computationally expensive and often too slow for real-time recommendation. Furthermore, the self-attention operation…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Zhenrui Yue , Yueqi Wang , Zhankui He , Huimin Zeng , Julian McAuley , Dong Wang

Over recent years, the Transformer has become a fundamental building block for sequence modeling architectures. Yet at its core is the use of self-attention, whose memory and computational cost grow quadratically with the sequence length…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Qiuhao Zeng , Jerry Huang , Peng Lu , Gezheng Xu , Boxing Chen , Charles Ling , Boyu Wang

Attention mechanisms, especially self-attention, have played an increasingly important role in deep feature representation for visual tasks. Self-attention updates the feature at each position by computing a weighted sum of features using…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Meng-Hao Guo , Zheng-Ning Liu , Tai-Jiang Mu , Shi-Min Hu

This paper investigates automatic piano transcription based on computationally-efficient yet high-performant variants of the Transformer that can capture longer-term dependency over the whole musical piece. Recently, transformer-based…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Weixing Wei , Kazuyoshi Yoshii

Foundation models, now powering most of the exciting applications in deep learning, are almost universally based on the Transformer architecture and its core attention module. Many subquadratic-time architectures such as linear attention,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Albert Gu , Tri Dao

The Transformer architecture has shown to be a powerful tool for a wide range of tasks. It is based on the self-attention mechanism, which is an inherently computationally expensive operation with quadratic computational complexity: memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Adjorn van Engelenhoven , Nicola Strisciuglio , Estefanía Talavera

Transformer models have been successful in various sequence processing tasks, but the self-attention mechanism's computational cost limits its practicality for long sequences. Although there are existing attention variants that improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Zicheng Liu , Li Wang , Siyuan Li , Zedong Wang , Haitao Lin , Stan Z. Li

Recent Vision Transformer~(ViT) models have demonstrated encouraging results across various computer vision tasks, thanks to their competence in modeling long-range dependencies of image patches or tokens via self-attention. These models,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-14 Sucheng Ren , Daquan Zhou , Shengfeng He , Jiashi Feng , Xinchao Wang

Self-attention models have been successfully applied in end-to-end speech recognition systems, which greatly improve the performance of recognition accuracy. However, such attention-based models cannot be used in online speech recognition,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-24 Jian Luo , Jianzong Wang , Ning Cheng , Jing Xiao

In recommender systems, models mostly use a combination of embedding layers and multilayer feedforward neural networks. The high-dimensional sparse original features are downscaled in the embedding layer and then fed into the fully…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-05-19 Mohan Hasama , Jing Li

Attention is a powerful component of modern neural networks across a wide variety of domains. However, despite its ubiquity in machine learning, there is a gap in our understanding of attention from a theoretical point of view. We propose a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-21 James Vuckovic , Aristide Baratin , Remi Tachet des Combes