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Choice functions constitute a simple, direct and very general mathematical framework for modelling choice under uncertainty. In particular, they are able to represent the set-valued choices that appear in imprecise-probabilistic decision…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-05-22 Jasper De Bock , Gert de Cooman

We prove a strong non-structure theorem for a class of metric structures with an unstable pair of formulae. As a consequence, we show that weak categoricity (that is, categoricity up to isomorphisms and not isometries) implies several…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-08-20 Saharon Shelah , Alexander Usvyatsov

This paper investigates some issues arising in categorical models of reversible logic and computation. Our claim is that the structural (coherence) isomorphisms of these categorical models, although generally overlooked, have decidedly…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2013-04-29 Peter Hines

Informally speaking, the categoricity of an axiom system means that its non-logical symbols have only one possible interpretation that renders the axioms true. Although non-categoricity has become ubiquitous in the second half of the 20th…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-05-26 Jouko Väänänen

Given a set of conflicting arguments, there can exist multiple plausible opinions about which arguments should be accepted, rejected, or deemed undecided. We study the problem of how multiple such judgments can be aggregated. We define the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-06-20 Edmond Awad , Richard Booth , Fernando Tohme , Iyad Rahwan

Given a finitely generated free monoid $X$ and a morphism $\phi : X\to X$, we show that one can construct an algebra, which we call an iterative algebra, in a natural way. We show that many ring theoretic properties of iterative algebras…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2015-03-06 Jason P. Bell , Blake W. Madill

A variety V is said to be coherent if any finitely generated subalgebra of a finitely presented member of V is finitely presented. It is shown here that V is coherent if and only if it satisfies a restricted form of uniform deductive…

Logic · Mathematics 2018-03-28 Tomasz Kowalski , George Metcalfe

We develop a toolbox for forcing over arbitrary models of set theory without the axiom of choice. In particular, we introduce a variant of the countable chain condition and prove an iteration theorem that applies to many classical forcings…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-01-02 Daisuke Ikegami , Philipp Schlicht

We propose an extension of Aczel's constructive set theory CZF by an axiom for inductive types and a choice principle, and show that this extension has the following properties: it is interpretable in Martin-Lof's type theory (hence…

Logic · Mathematics 2013-09-27 Benno van den Berg , Ieke Moerdijk

In constructive mathematics, several nonequivalent notions of finiteness exist. In this paper, we continue the study of Noetherian sets in the dependently typed setting of the Agda programming language. We want to say that a set is…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-04-06 Denis Firsov , Tarmo Uustalu , Niccolò Veltri

Counterfactual reasoning, a cornerstone of human cognition and decision-making, is often seen as the 'holy grail' of causal learning, with applications ranging from interpreting machine learning models to promoting algorithmic fairness.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Yahya Aalaila , Gerrit Großmann , Sumantrak Mukherjee , Jonas Wahl , Sebastian Vollmer

The rigid relation principle, introduced in this article, asserts that every set admits a rigid binary relation. This follows from the axiom of choice, because well-orders are rigid, but we prove that it is neither equivalent to the axiom…

Logic · Mathematics 2011-06-24 Joel David Hamkins , Justin Palumbo

Every right adjoint functor between presentable $\infty$-categories is shown to decompose canonically as a coreflection, followed by, possibly transfinitely many, monadic functors. Furthermore, the coreflection part is given a presentation…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2021-11-23 Lior Yanovski

A commutative semigroup of abstract factorials is defined in the context of the ring of integers. We study such factorials for their own sake, whether they are or are not connected to sets of integers. Given a subset X of the positive…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2012-07-11 Angelo B. Mingarelli

We define and prove isomorphisms between three combinatorial classes involving labeled trees. We also give an alternative proof by means of generating functions.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-04-14 Ali Chouria , Vlad-Florin Drǎgoi , Jean-Gabriel Luque

We present a coherent collection of finite mathematical theorems some of which can only be proved by going well beyond the usual axioms for mathematics. The proofs of these theorems illustrate in clear terms how one uses the well studied…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-09-07 Harvey M. Friedman

Four constructions result from a desire to create enhancements to Cantor's infinite real set cardinality. Each continues to keep Cantor's cardinality formulation in place while providing new comparisons of arbitrary infinite sets. To…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-04-24 William Johnston

Logics for knowledge representation suffer from over-specialization: while each logic may provide an ideal representation formalism for some problems, it is less than optimal for others. A solution to this problem is to choose from several…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 G. Antoniou , D. Billigton , G. Governatori , M. J. Maher

In order to introduce the notion of causality in noncommutative geometry it is necessary to extend Gelfand theory to the context of ordered spaces. In a previous work we have already given an algebraic caracterization of the set of…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2015-06-18 Fabien Besnard

The proof of the relative consistency of the axiom of choice has been mechanized using Isabelle/ZF. The proof builds upon a previous mechanization of the reflection theorem. The heavy reliance on metatheory in the original proof makes the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Lawrence C. Paulson