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Large Language Models are commonly judged by their scores on standard benchmarks, yet such scores often overstate real capability since they mask the mix of skills a task actually demands. For example, ARC is assumed to test reasoning,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Dongjun Kim , Gyuho Shim , Yongchan Chun , Minhyuk Kim , Chanjun Park , Heuiseok Lim

Pretrained language models have shown superior performance on many natural language processing tasks, yet they still struggle at multi-step formal reasoning tasks like grade school math problems. One key challenge of finetuning them to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Ansong Ni , Jeevana Priya Inala , Chenglong Wang , Oleksandr Polozov , Christopher Meek , Dragomir Radev , Jianfeng Gao

We present a new approach for benchmarking Large Language Model (LLM) capabilities on research-level mathematics. Existing benchmarks largely rely on static, hand-curated sets of contest or textbook-style problems as proxies for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Antoine Peyronnet , Fabian Gloeckle , Amaury Hayat

Progress in text understanding has been driven by large datasets that test particular capabilities, like recent datasets for reading comprehension (Hermann et al., 2015). We focus here on the LAMBADA dataset (Paperno et al., 2016), a word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-02-20 Zewei Chu , Hai Wang , Kevin Gimpel , David McAllester

Multi-hop Machine reading comprehension is a challenging task with aim of answering a question based on disjoint pieces of information across the different passages. The evaluation metrics and datasets are a vital part of multi-hop MRC…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Azade Mohammadi , Reza Ramezani , Ahmad Baraani

Language interpretation is a compositional process, in which the meaning of more complex linguistic structures is inferred from the meaning of their parts. Large language models possess remarkable language interpretation capabilities and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-31 David Maria Schmidt , Raoul Schubert , Philipp Cimiano

Many recent papers address reading comprehension, where examples consist of (question, passage, answer) tuples. Presumably, a model must combine information from both questions and passages to predict corresponding answers. However, despite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-22 Divyansh Kaushik , Zachary C. Lipton

Understanding how events are semantically related to each other is the essence of reading comprehension. Recent event-centric reading comprehension datasets focus mostly on event arguments or temporal relations. While these tasks partially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Rujun Han , I-Hung Hsu , Jiao Sun , Julia Baylon , Qiang Ning , Dan Roth , Nanyun Peng

As the body of research on machine narrative comprehension grows, there is a critical need for consideration of performance assessment strategies as well as the depth and scope of different benchmark tasks. Based on narrative theories,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Yisi Sang , Xiangyang Mou , Jing Li , Jeffrey Stanton , Mo Yu

Substantial improvements have been made in machine reading comprehension, where the machine answers questions based on a given context. Current state-of-the-art models even surpass human performance on several benchmarks. However, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Wei-Cheng Huang , Chien-yu Huang , Hung-yi Lee

As frontier Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly saturate new benchmarks shortly after they are published, benchmarking itself is at a juncture: if frontier models keep improving, it will become increasingly hard for humans to generate…

Despite increasing instances of machine translation (MT) systems including contextual information, the evidence for translation quality improvement is sparse, especially for discourse phenomena. Popular metrics like BLEU are not expressive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-01 Prathyusha Jwalapuram , Barbara Rychalska , Shafiq Joty , Dominika Basaj

Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) relies on the powerful LLM to perform multimodal tasks, showing amazing emergent abilities in recent studies, such as writing poems based on an image. However, it is difficult for these case studies to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Chaoyou Fu , Peixian Chen , Yunhang Shen , Yulei Qin , Mengdan Zhang , Xu Lin , Jinrui Yang , Xiawu Zheng , Ke Li , Xing Sun , Yunsheng Wu , Rongrong Ji , Caifeng Shan , Ran He

Large language models (LLMs) are deployed on increasingly complex tasks that require multi-step decision-making. Understanding their algorithmic reasoning abilities is therefore crucial. However, we lack a diagnostic benchmark for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Yu He , Yingxi Li , Colin White , Ellen Vitercik

Machine Reading Comprehension(MRC) has achieved a remarkable result since some powerful models, such as BERT, are proposed. However, these models are not robust enough and vulnerable to adversarial input perturbation and generalization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-25 Jing Jin , Houfeng Wang

Intelligence Quotient (IQ) Test is a set of standardized questions designed to evaluate human intelligence. Verbal comprehension questions appear very frequently in IQ tests, which measure human's verbal ability including the understanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-04-27 Huazheng Wang , Fei Tian , Bin Gao , Jiang Bian , Tie-Yan Liu

Reasoning benchmarks such as the Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC) and ARC-AGI are widely used to assess progress in artificial intelligence and are often interpreted as probes of core, so-called ``fluid'' reasoning abilities. Despite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Xinhe Wang , Jin Huang , Xingjian Zhang , Tianhao Wang , Jiaqi W. Ma

Multi-choice Machine Reading Comprehension (MMRC) aims to select the correct answer from a set of options based on a given passage and question. The existing methods employ the pre-trained language model as the encoder, share and transfer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Chenhao Cui , Yufan Jiang , Shuangzhi Wu , Zhoujun Li

Multiple-choice reading comprehension (MCRC) is the task of selecting the correct answer from multiple options given a question and an article. Existing MCRC models typically either read each option independently or compute a fixed-length…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-08 Qiu Ran , Peng Li , Weiwei Hu , Jie Zhou

We focus on Multimodal Machine Reading Comprehension (M3C) where a model is expected to answer questions based on given passage (or context), and the context and the questions can be in different modalities. Previous works such as RecipeQA…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Pritish Sahu , Karan Sikka , Ajay Divakaran