Related papers: Thermodynamic Equilibrium in General Relativity
The present work deals with four alternative formulation of Bekenstein system on event horizon in $f(R)$ gravity. While thermodynamical laws holds in universe bounded by apparent horizon, these laws break down on event horizon. With…
The main objective of this paper is to show that, within the present framework of the kinetic theoretical approach to irreversible thermodynamics, there is no evidence that provides a basis to modify the ordinary Fourier equation relating…
The time evolution of an extended quantum system can be theoretically described in terms of the Schwinger-Keldysh functional integral formalism, whose action conveniently encodes the information about the dynamics. We show here that the…
It is done by introducing of an additional term proportional to the interior energy into the standard thermodynamic uncertainty relation that leads to existence of the lower limit of inverse temperature
There is a long-standing question as to whether and to what extent it is possible to describe nonequilibrium systems in stationary states in terms of global thermodynamic functions. The positive answers have been obtained only for…
A generally relativistic theory of thermodynamics is developed, based on four main physical principles: heat is a local form of energy, therefore described by a thermal energy tensor; conservation of mass, equivalent to conservation of…
The equations of motion describing all physical systems, except gravity, remain invariant if a constant is added to the Lagrangian. In the conventional approach, gravitational theories break this symmetry exhibited by all other physical…
According to contemporary views, equilibrium constant is relevant only to true thermodynamic equilibria in isolated systems with one chemical reaction. The paper presents a novel formula that ties-up equilibrium constant and chemical system…
For open quantum systems coupled to a thermal bath at inverse temperature $\beta$, it is well known that under the Born-, Markov-, and secular approximations the system density matrix will approach the thermal Gibbs state with the bath…
We study two small quantum systems coupled to the same reservoir which is in thermal equilibrium. By studying the particle density and the energy density in the two systems before and after they contact each other, we find that the two…
The relativistic continuity equations for the extensive thermodynamic quantities are derived based on the divergence theorem in Minkowski space outlined by St\"uckelberg. This covariant approach leads to a relativistic formulation of the…
The thermodynamic properties of superconducting electrons are usually studied by means of the quasi-particles distribution; but in this approach, the ground state energy and the dependence of the chemical potential on the electron density…
In stationary spacetimes global equilibrium states can be defined, applying the maximum entropy principle, by the introduction of local thermodynamic fields determined solely by geometry. As an example, we study a class of equilibrium…
A physical system should be in a local equilibrium if it cannot be distinguished from a global equilibrium by ``infinitesimally localized measurements''. This seems to be a natural characterization of local equilibrium, however the problem…
We investigate the generalized second law of thermodynamics (GSL) in generalized theories of gravity. We examine the total entropy evolution with time including the horizon entropy, the non-equilibrium entropy production, and the entropy of…
The Jarzynski equality equates the mean of the exponential of the negative of the work (per fixed temperature) done by a changing Hamiltonian on a system, initially in thermal equilibrium at that temperature, to the ratio of the final to…
The thermodynamic behaviour of a relativistic perfect simple fluid obeying the equation of state $p=(\gamma-1)\rho $, where $0 \le \gamma \le 2$ is a constant, has been investigated. Particular cases include: vacuum($p=-\rho $, $\gamma=0$),…
In terms of fundamental principles of quantum theory of interacting particles and relativistic kinetic theory there was carried out an analysis of the main principle of standard cosmological scenario - the initial existence of local…
Einstein's equations in matter are gravitational analogues of Maxwell's equations in matter, providing an effective classical description of gravitational fields. We derive Einstein's equations in matter for relativistic fluids, and use…
We carried out numerical experiments on a one-dimensional driven lattice gas to elucidate the statistical properties of steady states far from equilibrium. By measuring the bulk density diffusion constant $D$, the conductivity $\sigma$, the…