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This paper is devoted to a systematic study of a class of binary trees encoding the structure of rational numbers both from arithmetic and dynamical point of view. The paper is divided into two parts. The first one is a critical review of…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2008-05-16 Claudio Bonanno , Stefano Isola

Automorphic Lie Algebras arise in the context of reduction groups introduced in the late 1970s in the field of integrable systems. They are subalgebras of Lie algebras over a ring of rational functions, defined by invariance under the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-11-20 Vincent Knibbeler

Trees or rooted trees have been generously studied in the literature. A forest is a set of trees or rooted trees. Here we give recurrence relations between the number of some kind of rooted forest with $k$ roots and that with $k+1$ roots on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-02-08 Song Guo , Victor J. W. Guo

Classical knot theory deals with {\em diagrams} and {\em invariants}. By means of horizontal {\em trisecants}, we construct a new theory of classical braids with invariants valued in {\em pictures}. These pictures are closely related to…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2015-01-22 Vassily Olegovich Manturov

In this Master of Science Thesis I introduce geometric algebra both from the traditional geometric setting of vector spaces, and also from a more combinatorial view which simplifies common relations and operations. This view enables us to…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2008-11-07 Douglas Lundholm

It is often noted that many of the basic concepts of differential geometry, such as the definition of connection, are purely algebraic in nature. Here, we review and extend existing work on fully algebraic formulations of differential…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2025-02-03 Tobias Fritz

This paper explores formalizing Geometric (or Clifford) algebras into the Lean 3 theorem prover, building upon the substantial body of work that is the Lean mathematics library, mathlib. As we use Lean source code to demonstrate many of our…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Eric Wieser , Utensil Song

Linear spaces with an Euclidean metric are ubiquitous in mathematics, arising both from quadratic forms and inner products. Operators on such spaces also occur naturally. In recent years, the study of multivariate operator theory has made…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2019-01-15 Gadadhar Misra

Regular languages -- the languages accepted by deterministic finite automata -- are known to be precisely the languages recognized by finite monoids. This characterization is the origin of algebraic language theory. In this paper, we…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Fabian Lenke , Stefan Milius , Henning Urbat , Thorsten Wißmann

We generalize the construction of multitildes in the aim to provide multitilde operators for regular languages. We show that the underliying algebraic structure involves the action of some operads. An operad is an algebraic structure that…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-01-22 Samuele Giraudo , Jean-Gabriel Luque , Ludovic Mignot , Florent Nicart

The notion of trees plays an important role in Butcher's B-series. More recently, a refined understanding of algebraic and combinatorial structures underlying the Magnus expansion has emerged thanks to the use of rooted trees. We follow…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-09-14 Kurusch Ebrahimi-Fard , Dominique Manchon

Let $\Lambda^{\ast}$ be the free monoid of (finite) words over a not necessarily finite alphabet $\Lambda$, which is equipped with some (partial) order. This ordering lifts to $\Lambda^{\ast}$, where it extends the divisibility ordering of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-05-08 Hans-Jürgen Bandelt , Maurice Pouzet

Groups with various types of operators, in particular the recently introduced Rota-Baxter groups, have generated renowned interest with close connections to numerical integrals, Yang-Baxter equation, integrable systems and post-Hopf…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2022-09-13 Xing Gao , Li Guo , Yanjun Liu , Zhi-Cheng Zhu

Every countable directed graph generates a Fock space Hilbert space and a family of partial isometries. These operators also arise from the left regular representations of free semigroupoids derived from directed graphs. We develop a…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 David W. Kribs , Stephen C. Power

We propose a generalization of first-order logic originating in a neglected work by C.C. Chang: a natural and generic correspondence language for any types of structures which can be recast as Set-coalgebras. We discuss axiomatization and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Tadeusz Litak , Dirk Pattinson , Katsuhiko Sano , Lutz Schröder

Given a finitely generated free monoid $X$ and a morphism $\phi : X\to X$, we show that one can construct an algebra, which we call an iterative algebra, in a natural way. We show that many ring theoretic properties of iterative algebras…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2015-03-06 Jason P. Bell , Blake W. Madill

Along with some known and less known results, we discuss new insights relating combinatorics of words and the ordering of the rationals from a dynamical systems point of view, somehow continuing along the path started in [BI]. We obtain in…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-04-10 Stefano Isola , Francesco Marchionni

We give an algebraic characterization of the tree languages that are defined by logical formulas using certain Lindstr\"om quantifiers. An important instance of our result concerns first-order definable tree languages. Our characterization…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-06-21 Zoltan Esik , Pascal Weil

In this note we quantize the free $ * $-algebra generated by finitely many variables, which is a new example of the theory of Toeplitz quantization of $ * $-algebras as developed previously by the author. This is achieved by defining…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-05-06 Stephen Bruce Sontz

The notion of {\it free} generalized vertex algebras is introduced. It is equivalent to the notion of {\it generalized principal subspaces} associated with lattices which are not necessarily integral. Combinatorial bases and the characters…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2015-02-19 Kazuya Kawasetsu
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