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Error correction at short blocklengths remains a challenge for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, as belief propagation (BP) decoding is suboptimal compared to maximum-likelihood decoding (MLD). While BP rarely makes errors, it often…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Ahmad Ismail , Raphaël Le Bidan , Elsa Dupraz , Charbel Abdel Nour

Polar codes have been gaining a lot of interest due to it being the first coding scheme to provably achieve the symmetric capacity of a binary memoryless channel with an explicit construction. However, the main drawback of polar codes is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Heshani Gamage , Vismika Ranasinghe , Nandana Rajatheva , Matti Latva-aho

Polar codes are of great interest since they are the first provably capacity-achieving forward error correction codes. To improve throughput and to reduce decoding latency of polar decoders, maximum likelihood (ML) decoding units are used…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-10-27 Chenrong Xiong , Jun Lin , Zhiyuan Yan

Most existing works of polar codes focus on the analysis of block error probability. However, in many scenarios, bit error probability is also important for evaluating the performance of channel codes. In this paper, we establish a new…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-04-18 Bolin Wu , Kai Niu , Jincheng Dai

In this work, we propose a fully differentiable iterative decoder for quantum low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. The proposed algorithm is composed of classical belief propagation (BP) decoding stages and intermediate graph neural…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-14 Anqi Gong , Sebastian Cammerer , Joseph M. Renes

We consider near maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding of short linear block codes based on neural belief propagation (BP) decoding recently introduced by Nachmani et al.. While this method significantly outperforms conventional BP decoding, the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Andreas Buchberger , Christian Häger , Henry D. Pfister , Laurent Schmalen , Alexandre Graell i Amat

Belief propagation (BP) decoding of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes with various dynamic decoding schedules have been proposed to improve the efficiency of the conventional flooding schedule. As the ultimate goal of an ideal LDPC code…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Tofar C. -Y. Chang , Pin-Han Wang , Jian-Jia Weng , I-Hsiang Lee , Yu T. Su

Belief propagation (BP) can do exact inference in loop-free graphs, but its performance could be poor in graphs with loops, and the understanding of its solution is limited. This work gives an interpretable belief propagation rule that is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-26 Dong Liu , Nima N. Moghadam , Lars K. Rasmussen , Jinliang Huang , Saikat Chatterjee

Due to the high error rate of qubits, detecting and correcting errors is essential for achieving fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC). Quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes are one of the most promising quantum error correction…

Polar codes are a class of linear block codes that provably achieves channel capacity. They have been selected as a coding scheme for the control channel of enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) scenario for $5^{\text{th}}$ generation wireless…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-06-04 Furkan Ercan , Thibaud Tonnellier , Carlo Condo , Warren J. Gross

Belief propagation (BP) is a message-passing method for solving probabilistic graphical models. It is very successful in treating disordered models (such as spin glasses) on random graphs. On the other hand, finite-dimensional lattice…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-02-17 Hai-Jun Zhou , Wei-Mou Zheng

Polar codes represent one of the major recent breakthroughs in coding theory and, because of their attractive features, they have been selected for the incoming 5G standard. As such, a lot of attention has been devoted to the development of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-08-31 Seyyed Ali Hashemi , Marco Mondelli , S. Hamed Hassani , Rudiger Urbanke , Warren J. Gross

Systematic polar codes are shown to outperform non-systematic polar codes in terms of the bit-error-rate (BER) performance. However theoretically the mechanism behind the better performance of systematic polar codes is not yet clear. In…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-04-17 Liping Li , Wenyi Zhang , Yanjun Hu

In this paper, we investigate the use of quaternary reliability statistics for ordered statistics decoding (OSD) of quantum codes. OSD can be used to improve the performance of belief propagation (BP) decoding when it fails to correct the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Ching-Feng Kung , Kao-Yueh Kuo , Ching-Yi Lai

Weighted belief propagation (WBP) for the decoding of linear block codes is considered. In WBP, the Tanner graph of the code is unrolled with respect to the iterations of the belief propagation decoder. Then, weights are assigned to the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Alireza Tasdighi , Mansoor Yousefi

The structure of polar codes inherently requires block lengths to be powers of two. In this paper, we investigate how different block lengths can be realized by coupling of several short-length polar codes. For this, we first analyze "code…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-14 A. Elkelesh , M. Ebada , S. Cammerer , S. ten Brink

We explore the relationship between polar and RM codes and we describe a coding scheme which improves upon the performance of the standard polar code at practical block lengths. Our starting point is the experimental observation that RM…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-09-04 Marco Mondelli , S. Hamed Hassani , Rüdiger Urbanke

Polar codes are a family of capacity-achieving error-correcting codes, and they have been selected as part of the next generation wireless communication standard. Each polar code bit-channel is assigned a reliability value, used to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-05-17 Carlo Condo , Seyyed Ali Hashemi , Warren J. Gross

The sum-product or belief propagation (BP) algorithm is a widely-used message-passing algorithm for computing marginal distributions in graphical models with discrete variables. At the core of the BP message updates, when applied to a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-05-28 Nima Noorshams , Martin J. Wainwright

This paper focuses on low complexity successive cancellation list (SCL) decoding of polar codes. In particular, using the fact that splitting may be unnecessary when the reliability of decoding the unfrozen bit is sufficiently high, a novel…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Zhaoyang Zhang , Liang Zhang , Xianbin Wang , Caijun Zhong , H. Vincent Poor