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In this paper, we propose a belief-propagation (BP)-based decoder, termed the Multiple-Bases Belief-Propagation List Decoder (MBBP-LD), for quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes. The key idea is to generate \emph{structured…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Sheida Rabeti , Hessam Mahdavifar

Codes based on sparse matrices have good performance and can be efficiently decoded by belief-propagation (BP). Decoding binary stabilizer codes needs a quaternary BP for (additive) codes over GF(4), which has a higher check-node complexity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-10 Kao-Yueh Kuo , Ching-Yi Lai

This paper proposes a quasi-belief propagation decoder for BCH codes that systematically integrates domain knowledge--specifically, channel noise variance, the cyclic property of the codes, and the deliberate redundancy in their…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Guangwen Li

In successive cancellation (SC) polar decoding, an incorrect estimate of any prior unfrozen bit may bring about severe error propagation in the following decoding, thus it is desirable to find out and correct an error as early as possible.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-12-12 Zhaoyang Zhang , Kangjian Qin , Liang Zhang , Huazi Zhang , Guo Tai Chen

Since its invention, polar code has received a lot of attention because of its capacity-achieving performance and low encoding and decoding complexity. Successive cancellation decoding (SCD) and belief propagation decoding (BPD) are two of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-08-26 Syed Mohsin Abbas , YouZhe Fan , Ji Chen , Chi-Ying Tsui

Quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes have emerged as a promising technique for quantum error correction. A variety of decoders have been proposed for QLDPC codes and many of them utilize belief propagation (BP) decoding in some…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Hanwen Yao , Waleed Abu Laban , Christian Häger , Alexandre Graell i Amat , Henry D. Pfister

Quantum error correction is crucial for universal fault-tolerant quantum computing. Highly accurate and low-time-complexity decoding algorithms play an indispensable role in ensuring quantum error correction works effectively. Among…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-01 Jiahan Chen , Zhengzhong Yi , Zhipeng Liang , Xuan Wang

We introduce a new method for decoding short and moderate length linear block codes with dense parity-check matrix representations of cyclic form, termed multiple-bases belief-propagation (MBBP). The proposed iterative scheme makes use of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Thorsten Hehn , Johannes B. Huber , Olgica Milenkovic , Stefan Laendner

Neural decoders were introduced as a generalization of the classic Belief Propagation (BP) decoding algorithms, where the Trellis graph in the BP algorithm is viewed as a neural network, and the weights in the Trellis graph are optimized by…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Xiangyu Chen , Min Ye

Polar codes with memory (PCM) are proposed in this paper: a pair of consecutive code blocks containing a controlled number of mutual information bits. The shared mutual information bits of the succeeded block can help the failed block to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Wenyue Zhou , Qiang Liu , Yifei Shen , Xiaofeng Zhou , Chuan Zhang , Yaohua Xu , Liping Li

Decoding sparse quantum codes can be accomplished by syndrome-based decoding using a belief propagation (BP) algorithm.We significantly improve this decoding scheme by developing a new feedback adjustment strategy for the standard BP…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-09-25 Yun-Jiang Wang , Barry C. Sanders , Bao-Ming Bai , Xin-Mei Wang

Reed-Muller (RM) and polar codes are a class of capacity-achieving channel coding schemes with the same factor graph representation. Low-complexity decoding algorithms fall short in providing a good error-correction performance for RM and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-07-12 Seyyed Ali Hashemi , Nghia Doan , Marco Mondelli , Warren J. Gross

This work presents a hardware-efficient and fully parallelizable decoder for quantum LDPC codes that leverages belief propagation (BP) with a speculative post-processing strategy inspired by classical Chase decoding algorithm. By monitoring…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-11 Ming Wang , Ang Li , Frank Mueller

Polar codes are a family of capacity-achieving codes that have explicit and low-complexity construction, encoding, and decoding algorithms. Decoding of polar codes is based on the successive-cancellation decoder, which decodes in a bit-…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-03-06 Boaz Shuval , Ido Tal

The recently proposed SCLF decoding algorithm for polar codes improves the error-correcting performance of state-of-the-art SCL decoding. However, it comes at the cost of a higher complexity. In this paper, partitioned polar codes tailored…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Charles Pillet , Ilshat Sagitov , Pascal Giard

We describe a novel approach to interpret a polar code as a low-density parity-check (LDPC)-like code with an underlying sparse decoding graph. This sparse graph is based on the encoding factor graph of polar codes and is suitable for…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-15 Sebastian Cammerer , Moustafa Ebada , Ahmed Elkelesh , Stephan ten Brink

Near optimal decoding of good error control codes is generally a difficult task. However, for a certain type of (sufficiently) good codes an efficient decoding algorithm with near optimal performance exists. These codes are defined via a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-10-30 Uli Sorger

In this work, we show that polar belief propagation (BP) decoding exhibits an error floor behavior which is caused by clipping of the log-likelihood ratios (LLR). The error floor becomes more pronounced for clipping to smaller LLR-values.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-29 Ahmed Elkelesh , Sebastian Cammerer , Moustafa Ebada , Stephan ten Brink

Variant belief propagation (BP) algorithms are applied to low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. However, conventional decoders suffer from a large resource consumption due to gathering messages from all the neighbour variable-nodes and/or…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Wu Guan , Liping Liang

We propose a new family of polar coding which realizes high coding gain, low complexity, and high throughput by introducing a protograph-based design. The proposed technique called as quasi-cyclic (QC) polar codes can be highly parallelized…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Toshiaki Koike-Akino , Ye Wang